Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application

Deutschenbaur, Lorenz; Beck, Johannes; Kiyhankhadiv, Anna; Mühlhauser, Markus; Borgwardt, Stefan; Walter, Marc; Hasler, Gregor; Sollberger, Daniel; Lang, Undine E.

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.02.015

Cited by 140 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…The effect of Mg as an NMDA receptor antagonist, such as ketamine and zinc, on depressive symptoms may be explained through its interaction with the glutamatergic system, where Mg restriction leads to a reduction of amygdala‐hypothalamic protein GluN1‐containing NMDA complexes . Although a single i.v.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐blind, randomized crossover study of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate versus 5% dextrose on depressive symptoms in adults with treatment‐resistant depression

Mehdi

Atlas

Qadir

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐blind, randomized crossover study of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate versus 5% dextrose on depressive symptoms in adults with treatment‐resistant depression

Mehdi

Atlas

Qadir

et al. 2016

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…Magnesium gates the activity of NMDA receptors and indeed magnesium restriction is associated with reduced amygdala-hypothalamic protein levels of GluN1-containing NMDA complexes [107,108]. A preclinical study showed that magnesium reduced depressive symptoms and increased the concentration of a NMDA receptor subcomponent (GluN2B) in the prefrontal cortex [109].…”

Section: Special Nutritional Compounds Which Could Influence Depressimentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Aspects of Depression

Lang

Beglinger

Schweinfurth

et al. 2015

Cell Physiol Biochem

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216

134

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Several nutrition, food and dietary compounds have been suggested to be involved in the onset and maintenance of depressive disorders and in the severity of depressive symptoms. Nutritional compounds might modulate depression associated biomarkers and parallel the development of depression, obesity and diabetes. In this context, recent studies revealed new mediators of both energy homeostasis and mood changes (i.e. IGF-1, NPY, BDNF, ghrelin, leptin, CCK, GLP-1, AGE, glucose metabolism and microbiota) acting in gut brain circuits. In this context several healthy foods such as olive oil, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, poultry, dairy and unprocessed meat have been inversely associated with depression risk and even have been postulated to improve depressive symptoms. In contrast, unhealthy western dietary patterns including the consumption of sweetened beverage, refined food, fried food, processed meat, refined grain, and high fat diary, biscuits, snacking and pastries have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression in longitudinal studies. However, it is always difficult to conclude a real prospective causal relationship from these mostly retrospective studies as depressed individuals might also change their eating habits secondarily to their depression. Additionally specific selected nutritional compounds, e.g. calcium, chromium, folate, PUFAs, vitamin D, B12, zinc, magnesium and D-serine have been postulated to be used as ad-on strategies in antidepressant treatment. In this context, dietary and lifestyle interventions may be a desirable, effective, pragmatical and non-stigmatizing prevention and treatment strategy for depression. At last, several medications (pioglitazone, metformin, exenatide, atorvastatin, gram-negative antibiotics), which have traditionally been used to treat metabolic disorders showed a certain potential to treat depression in first randomized controlled clinical trials.

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“…d -Serine is an important amino acid in glutamatergic transmission (Fuchs et al 2005) and is a potent coagonist at NMDA receptors in some mammalian brain areas and possibly involved in the pathogenesis of several psychiatric and neurological disorders, such as schizophrenia (Labrie et al 2008; Nunes et al 2012; Balu and Coyle 2015; Ozeki et al 2016), bipolar disorder (Yamada et al 2004; Young and Barrett 2015), depression (Hashimoto et al 2015, 2016; Deutschenbaur et al 2016), Alzheimer’s disease (Paula-Lima et al 2013; Madeira et al 2015), and addiction (D’Ascenzo et al 2014; Seif et al 2015; Liu et al 2016). GLY has high affinity for extrasynaptic NMDA receptors, while d -serine has high affinity for synaptic NMDA receptors (Vizi et al 2013).…”

Section: D-serinementioning

confidence: 99%

Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature

Zheng

Wang²,

et al. 2016

Amino Acids

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A review of studies on the body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids, including glutamate, glutamine, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, tryptophan, d-serine, and others, in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is given. The results reported in the literature are generally inconclusive and contradictory, but there has been considerable variation among the previous studies in terms of factors such as age, gender, number of subjects, intelligence quotient, and psychoactive medication being taken. Future studies should include simultaneous analyses of a large number of amino acids [including d-serine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)] and standardization of the factors mentioned above. It may also be appropriate to use saliva sampling to detect amino acids in ASD patients in the future—this is noninvasive testing that can be done easily more frequently than other sampling, thus providing more dynamic monitoring.

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Role of calcium, glutamate and NMDA in major depression and therapeutic application

Cited by 140 publications

References 156 publications

Double‐blind, randomized crossover study of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate versus 5% dextrose on depressive symptoms in adults with treatment‐resistant depression

Double‐blind, randomized crossover study of intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate versus 5% dextrose on depressive symptoms in adults with treatment‐resistant depression

Nutritional Aspects of Depression

Body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids in autism spectrum disorders: a review of the literature

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