Role of carbon dioxide in the dynamics of magma ascent in explosive eruptions

Papale, Paolo; Polacci, Margherita

doi:10.1007/s004450050253

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Some of these systems may reflect a high CO 2 abundance in their source regions, as witnessed by unusual magma compositions (such as nephelinite, melilitite and kamafugite) which have been suggested to result from high CO 2 activity during mantle melting (e.g. Holloway, 1976;Wallace and Green, 1988;Johnson et al, 1994;Dixon and Stolper, 1995b;Papale and Polacci, 1999;De Moor et al, 2013). Recent experimental investigations have also argued that CO 2 -rich source could play a major role on the genesis of ocean island basalts and associated alkali-rich magmas (Dasgupta et al, 2007;Gerbode and Dasgupta, 2010;Mallik and Dasgupta, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide in silica-undersaturated melt. Part I: The effect of mixed alkalis (K and Na) on CO2 solubility and speciation

Morizet

Paris

Gaillard

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide in silica-undersaturated melt. Part I: The effect of mixed alkalis (K and Na) on CO2 solubility and speciation

Morizet

Paris

Gaillard

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…The difference in displacement between the western and eastern hemispheres gives the expansion of the magma reservoir, but the estimated volume change was less than 1%. The possibility of triggering vesiculation by depressurization depends strongly on the state of magma, including factors like bubble density and viscosity (Papale and Polacci 1999;Hill and Prejean 2005;Walter and Amelung 2007). Therefore, we need a more quantitative model to evaluate this mechanism as a next step.…”

Section: Effect Of Crustal Deformation On the Magma Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal deformation associated with the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and its effect on the magma system of Aso volcano

Ozawa

Fujita

Ueda

2016

Earth Planets Space

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An M JMA 6.5 earthquake (foreshock) and M JMA 7.3 earthquake (mainshock) struck Kumamoto Prefecture on April 14, 2016, and April 16, 2016. To evaluate the effect of crustal deformation due to the earthquake on the Aso magma system, we detected crustal deformation using InSAR and GNSS. From InSAR analysis, we detected large crustal deformations along the Hinagu Fault, the Futagawa Fault, and the northeast extension of the latter fault. It extended to more than 50 km, and the maximum slant-range change exceeded 1 m. Although the obtained crustal deformation was approximately explained by the right-lateral strike-slip on the fault, its details could not be explained by such simple faulting. Additionally, we found complex surface deformation west of the Aso caldera rim, suggesting that shallow fault slips occurred in many known and unknown faults associated with the earthquake. Most of the crustal deformation could be reasonably explained by four rectangle faults located along the Futagawa Fault, in the northeast extension of the Futagawa Fault, alongside the Hinagu Fault, and in the eastern part of the Futagawa Fault. The first three of faults have high dip angles and right-lateral slip. The other was a fault with a low dip angle that branched from the shallow depth of the fault along the Futagawa Fault. The normal-dip right-lateral slip was estimated for this segment. Based on the estimated fault model, we calculated the displacement and stress field around the Aso volcano by the finite-element method (FEM) to evaluate the effects on the Aso magma system. In this calculation, we assumed a spherical soft medium located at a 6-km depth beneath the area south of the Kusasenri region as the magma system and considered only static effects. The result shows complex distributions of displacements and stresses, but we can notice the following significant points. (1) The spherical magma system deformed to an ellipsoid, and the total volume was slightly increased, less than 1%. (2) The differential stress around the upper portion of the magma system was as large as 3.5 MPa. This is strong enough to open pre-existing cracks and can cause the migration of magma.

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“…For CO 2 , we considered that CO 2 solubility is a minimum to the amount of gas exsolved. We used results from the solubility of a two-component H 2 O-CO 2 fluid (Papale, 1999), with only 2% of total CO 2 , so that the behavior of the degassing mixture remains similar to that of a pure H 2 O fluid (Papale and Polacci, 1999 …”

Section: Degassing During Magma Ascent In the Conduitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model then calculates the weight percent of H 2 O that escapes from the magma, as well as the ratios Cl/H 2 O, S/H 2 O, SO 2 /CO 2 , and S/Cl. The ratio SO 2 /CO 2 was obtained by using the parametric study of the role of CO 2 in the dynamics of magma by Papale and Polacci (1999). Their model is similar to the one used in this study (1D, isothermal conduit flow), except that it does not allow gas to escape from the magma.…”

Section: Degassing During Magma Ascent In the Conduitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their model is similar to the one used in this study (1D, isothermal conduit flow), except that it does not allow gas to escape from the magma. To ensure the best accuracy, we used a run with the lowest amount of CO 2 and closest to volatile saturation at depth (run s2.2 in Papale and Polacci, 1999), because those conditions are closest to the pure H 2 O-fluid we simulated. The amount of CO 2 in the volatile phase decreases monotonically from 14% to 2%…”

Section: Degassing During Magma Ascent In the Conduitmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent and eruption

Gardner¹,

Burgisser²,

Hort³

et al. 2006

Neogene-Quaternary Continental Margin Volcanism: A Perspective From Me´xico

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Surface volcanic gases may reflect volatile budgets of magma and forecast impending eruptions, and their release to the atmosphere may affect climate. The dynamics of magma degassing is complicated, however, by differences in the solubility, partitioning, and diffusion of the various volatiles, all of which can vary with pressure, temperature, and melt composition. To constrain possible gas outputs, we carried out experiments to determine how Cl partitions between water bubbles and silicate melt, and decompression experiments to examine how Cl behaves duringclosed-and open-system degassing. We incorporate our findings and those from the literature for CO 2 and S into a steady, isothermal, and homogeneous flow model to estimate fluxes of gases at the vent from ascending water-rich magma, assuming different scenarios for the onset and development of permeability in bubbly magma. We find that, for given permeability scenarios, total gas fluxes vary with magma flux, but ratios of gas species do not change. The S/Cl and SO 2 /CO 2 ratios do change, however, depending on whether the magma is oxidized or reduced. After magma fragments into a Plinian eruption column gases continue to escape from cooling pumice in the plume, but here the rate of gas release is controlled by diffusion, which varies with temperature.Degassing of pumice and ash was modeled by linking a steady-state plume model, which gives the vertical variation of mean temperature and velocity of particles inside the plume, to a conductive cooling model of pumices, which controls diffusion of Cl, CO 2 , and S in pumice. We find that gas loss increases with column height (mass flux) and initial temperature, because in both cases pumices cool over a longer time period, allowing more gas to diffuse out of the matrix glass. The amount of gas released also depends on the size distribution of particles in the erupting mixture, with less being released for a finely skewed distribution.

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Role of carbon dioxide in the dynamics of magma ascent in explosive eruptions

Cited by 76 publications

References 43 publications

Carbon dioxide in silica-undersaturated melt. Part I: The effect of mixed alkalis (K and Na) on CO2 solubility and speciation

Carbon dioxide in silica-undersaturated melt. Part I: The effect of mixed alkalis (K and Na) on CO2 solubility and speciation

Crustal deformation associated with the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake and its effect on the magma system of Aso volcano

Experimental and model constraints on degassing of magma during ascent and eruption

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