Role of carbonates in the chemical evolution of sodium carbonate-activated slag binders

Bernal, Susan A.; Provis, John L.; Myers, Rupert J.; Nicolas, Rackel San; Deventer, J.S.J. van

doi:10.1617/s11527-014-0412-6

Cited by 231 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It is noteworthy that LP could act differently in sodium carbonate activated slag (SCAS) system due to its particular reaction mechanism compared to slags activated by waterglass or sodium hydroxide [4,26,27]. As reported by Bernal et al [4] and our previous study [26], CO 3 2-anions concentration in the pore solution and the initially precipitated calcium carbonate significantly control the sodium carbonate activation process. According to the previous researches [4,23,[28][29][30] The present research aims to study the effect of LP on the reaction kinetics, reaction products and strength development of sodium carbonate activated slag.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Nevertheless, depending on the used raw materials and alkaline solutions, the performance of the resulted materials can be varied [2,3]. At present, most attentions are paid to the development of mixtures with higher strength, or improved durability, upgrading the-state-of-the-art of AAM [4][5][6][7]. However, the effects of supplementary materials on the reaction of AAM are rarely studied, especially their potential chemical involvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, the production of Na 2 CO 3 is more cost-effective and environmentally friendly compared to other activators [25]. It is noteworthy that LP could act differently in sodium carbonate activated slag (SCAS) system due to its particular reaction mechanism compared to slags activated by waterglass or sodium hydroxide [4,26,27]. As reported by Bernal et al [4] and our previous study [26], CO 3 2-anions concentration in the pore solution and the initially precipitated calcium carbonate significantly control the sodium carbonate activation process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the chemical involvement of limestone powder in sodium carbonate activated slag

Yuan

Brouwers

2017

Mater Struct

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This study aims to investigate the effect of limestone powder (LP) on the reaction of sodium carbonate activated slag. The results show that the incorporated LP up to 30% improves the strength development, especially at advanced curing ages. A slightly accelerated reaction is observed for samples containing low amount of LP (B5%), while mixture with 10% LP shows the optimized results with respect to the heat release and strength development. Chemical effect of incorporating LP is observed at high replacement levels (C15%), indicated by the formation of a new phase, natron (Na 2 CO 3 Á10H 2 O). Besides, relatively high contents of hydrotalcite-like phases are generated when increasing the dosage of limestone powder. The chemical changes, including the volume changes of generating natron and the transformation of natron to calcite, is potentially responsible for the enhanced mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the chemical involvement of limestone powder in sodium carbonate activated slag

Yuan

Brouwers

2017

Mater Struct

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“…The main reaction product in AAS cements, which is a sodium-aluminium substituted calcium silicate hydrate (C-(N)-A-S-H) type gel, can also bind chlorides, but with a much lower binding capacity than LDHs [47]. Between the P-NC-0 and P-NS-0 samples, the P-NC-0 sample might contain less binder materials as a result of slower development of reaction comparing with the sodium silicateactivated samples [9,10]. Also, the hydrotalcite-like phase in the sodium carbonate-activated samples might contain some carbonate anions [14], leaving less sites available for binding of Cl - [39].…”

Section: Test Methods For Aas Mortarsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although alkali-activated slag (AAS) cements can be produced with much lower global warming potentials than Portland cement (PC) [4], the use of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as activators can bring higher impacts than that of PC in other environmental aspects, including human toxicity, fresh water and marine ecotoxicity [4][5][6]. In the search for more cost-effective, low-toxicity and environmentally friendly alternatives, the use of nearneutral salts such as sodium carbonate as activators for blast furnace slag has attracted the attention of academia and industry [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. However, the factors controlling the durability and mechanical performance of sodium carbonate-activated slag cement are not yet fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride binding and mobility in sodium carbonate-activated slag pastes and mortars

Bernal

Hussein

et al. 2017

Mater Struct

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This study evaluates the chloride binding capacity and the migration of chloride in sodium carbonate-activated slag cements and mortars. The effect on chloride mobility and binding of adding a calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH) to the binder mix was also assessed. Significantly improved durability characteristics can be achieved for sodium carbonate-activated slag mortars by the addition of small fractions of CLDH, as a consequence of a higher degree of reaction, higher chloride binding capacity, and the refined pore structures present in these modified materials, in comparison with alkali-activated cements produced without CLDH. The addition of CLDH enables the production of sodium carbonateactivated slag cements with notably reduced chloride ingress compared to silicate activated slag cements.

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Use of Waste Calcium Carbonate in Sustainable Cement

et al. 2021

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The quest for a new-generation concrete, designed to be compatible with the need of mitigating the effect of greenhouse gas emissions on the climate, has prompted applied research to define a broad range of low-CO2 cement-based materials. While minimizing CO2 emissions is a goal of the utmost importance, research into sustainable building materials must also tackle the issue of raw material depletion (including limestone, clay and aggregate deposits, as well as water resources) in favor of secondary raw materials. One possible solution is that of minimizing the impact of quarrying by a circular economy approach that envisages the reuse of waste from stone extraction and processing. It is estimated that 200 Mt waste are produced by the stone industry worldwide each year. This includes slurries obtained from the quarrying, cutting and polishing of marble, which can be used as a source of calcium carbonate, alternative to primary limestone. This contribution illustrates the use of waste calcium carbonate, obtained from marble slurry (waste marble, WM), in sustainable cement materials alternative to Portland cement. The possibility of exploiting locally available resources is explored, and the effect of WM additions up to 50% by total mass on the macroscopic properties is investigated experimentally. It is shown that binders with adequate fresh and hardened state properties can be obtained by moderate additions of WM, which greatly enhances the environmental performance by reducing the amount of primary resources used in the mix. By reducing the amount of thermally treated clay in alkali-activated blends, the use of WM also results in a net decrease of the embodied energy.

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Role of carbonates in the chemical evolution of sodium carbonate-activated slag binders

Abstract: This is a repository copy of Role of carbonates in the chemical evolution of sodium carbonate-activated slag binders.

Cited by 231 publications

References 49 publications

Assessing the chemical involvement of limestone powder in sodium carbonate activated slag

Assessing the chemical involvement of limestone powder in sodium carbonate activated slag

Chloride binding and mobility in sodium carbonate-activated slag pastes and mortars

Use of Waste Calcium Carbonate in Sustainable Cement

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