Role of Carum copticum seeds in modulating chromium-induced toxicity on human bronchial epithelial cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes

Alvarenga

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

Context: Eugenia dysenterica DC. (Myrtaceae) has been widely used in the folk medicine and it presents phytochemicals constituents associated to antioxidant properties. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effects of E. dysenterica leaf hydroalcoholic extract (EDE) in vitro and in vivo using AMJ2-C11 cells and Swiss mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], respectively. Materials and methods: AMJ2-C11 cells were pretreated with EDE and exposed to Cr(VI) to evaluate cytotoxicity and the pathways involved in the chemopreventive effects of the extract. Mice were daily pretreated with EDE and then exposed to Cr(VI). Survival analysis, histopathological examination and determination of Cr levels in biological tissues were carried out. Results: In vitro studies showed that pretreatment of the AMJ2-C11 cells with EDE protected against the cytotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by Cr(VI). Consequently, the pretreatment with EDE reduced reactive oxygen species and apoptosis triggered by Cr(VI), probably by a marked antioxidant and chelating activities demonstrated by EDE. Regarding in vivo studies, pretreatment for 10 days with EDE increased survival of the mice exposed to Cr(VI). In addition, EDE prevented liver and kidney pathological damages, in parallel with reduction in chromium levels found in these organs and plasma. EDE also showed a marked antioxidant potential associated with the presence of polyphenols, especially flavonoids and tannins, as confirmed by HPLC-PDA. Conclusion: The study showed that EDE protects against Cr(VI)-induced damage in vitro and in vivo supporting further studies for the development of therapeutic products applied to prevent the damage induced by toxic metals, especially Cr(VI).

Section: Treatment and Experimental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Eugenia dysentericaDC. (Myrtaceae) exerts chemopreventive effects against hexavalent chromium-induced damagein vitroandin vivo

Alvarenga

et al. 2016

Pharmaceutical Biology

“…Published reports have shown that the use of natural products rich in antioxidants, such as polyphenols, can reduce the toxic effects of Cr(VI) (Arreola-Mendoza et al, 2006;Kalayarasan et al, 2008;Pedraza-Chaverri et al, 2008;Guha et al, 2010;Khan et al, 2010;Molina-Jijón et al, 2011;Deb et al, 2012). Thus, the chemoprotective effect demonstrated here may be related, at least in part, to the reduction of Cr(VI)-induced oxidative stress, since pomegranate contains polyphenols with antioxidant properties, such as punicalin and punicalagin, its main metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Thus the use of antioxidant agents should be considered if the toxicological effects of this xenobiotic are reduced (Deb et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Punica granatum L. protects mice against hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxicity

Guerra

Borges

et al. 2013

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

This study investigated the chemoprotective effects of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) fruits alcoholic extract (PGE) on mice exposed to hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Animals were pretreated with PGE (25, 50 or 75 mg/kg/day) for 10 days and subsequently exposed to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) (30 mg/kg). The frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow was investigated and the Cr(VI) levels were measured in the kidneys, liver and plasm. For the survival analysis, mice were previously treated with PGE for 10 days and exposed to a single lethal dose of Cr(VI) (50 mg/kg). Exposure to a sub-lethal dose of Cr(VI) induced a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells. However, the prophylactic treatment with PGE led to a reduction of 44.5% (25 mg/kg), 86.3% (50 mg/kg) and 64.2% (75 mg/kg) in the incidence of micronuclei. In addition, the 50 mg/kg dose of PGE produced a higher chemoprotective effect, since the survival rate was 90%, when compared to that of the non-treated group. In these animals, reduced amounts of chromium were detected in the biological materials, in comparison with the other groups. Taken together, the results demonstrated that PGE exerts a protective effect against Cr(VI)-induced genotoxicity. Uniterms INTRODUCTIONChromium occurs naturally in the environment in different oxidation states, where Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are the most prevalent. The hexavalent form is usually linked with oxygen and is a strong oxidizing agent. Studies have shown that Cr(VI) is a mutagenic, carcinogenic and teratogenic agent, which easily penetrates the cell membrane in the form of chromate anion (Barceloux, 1999;Acharya et al., 2006;Nickens et al., 2010;Chang et al., 2011;Okello et al., 2012). Its molecular mechanisms of toxicity are not yet fully known, but it is believed that the intracellular increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is probably a key factor in inducing cell damage (Ye et al., 1999;Wu et al., 2012). These reactive species can cause damage to macromolecules such as DNA, proteins and lipids, thereby inhibiting their functions (Valko et al., 2007;Yan et al., 2012) and may even trigger apoptotic cell death (Liu, Chen, 2006;Liu et al., 2008).Cr(VI) has been widely used in metallurgical, refractory and chemical industries. It has been considered a potent occupational carcinogen among workers involved in electrodeposition, metal finishes/welding, wood preservatives, organic synthesis procedures and in leather tanning (Barceloux, 1999;Shrivastava et al., 2002;Acharya et al., 2006;Nickens et al., 2010). In such activities occupational exposure to Cr(VI)-contaminated dust and aerosols occurs predominantly through inhalation or skin contact (Zagrodzki et al., 2007). Non-occupational exposure to Cr(VI) can also occur through cigarette smoke, automobile emissions and the inappropriate disposal of chromium-containing waste in the environment (O'Brien et al., 2003;Russo et al., 2005).The literature has shown that the administration of antioxidant agents ...

Antiinflammatory, Antioxidant, and Immunological Effects of Carum copticum L. and Some of Its Constituents

Alavinezhad

Boskabady

2014

Phytotherapy Research

Carum copticum L. has been used traditionally for its various therapeutic effects. The plant contains various components such as thymol and carvacrol. Different therapeutic effects such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antilipidemic were described for the plant and its constituents. Therefore, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunological effects of C. copticum and its constituents, thymol and carvacrol, were discussed in the present review. Previous studies have shown potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunological effects for C. copticum and its constituents, thymol and carvacrol. Therefore, the plant and its constituents have therapeutic values in several inflammatory and immunological disorders as well as in the oxidative stress conditions.