Role of casual contacts in the recent transmission of tuberculosis in settings with high disease burden

Wang, W.; Mathema, Barun; Hu, Yi; Zhao, Qi; Jiang, Weili; Xu, Biao

doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12726

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Anderson et al [21] used 24 loci MIRU-VNTR to investigate multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates and estimated recent transmission index being 15% globally and, after adjustment for epidemiological links, 8.5%. Moreover, a report from China estimated 8.5% ongoing tuberculosis [22]. On the other hand, Asgharzadeh et al [23] by using 12 loci MIRU-VNTR calculated the sharing of 26.6% TB transmission in almost the same as our studied region.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Determining the risk of intra-community transmission of tuberculosis in the northwest of Iran through 15 loci MIRU-VNTR typing

Afaghi-Gharamaleki

Moaddab

Darbouy

et al. 2017

EuJMI

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This study was carried out in order to investigating the effect of travelling on the transmission of tuberculosis from high- to low-burden TB countries. Mycobacteria samples isolated from patients of distinct and relatively co-related countries (Azerbaijan Republic and Tabriz [located in the northwest of Iran]) were analyzed through 15 loci MIRU-VNTR typing method. PCR was done using special primers for each of the loci; then the number of allele repeats for all loci were determined by the size of their fragments. Finally, the created numeric patterns for each isolate were analyzed and clustered, using MIRU-VNTRplus.org website. All 119 isolates dispersing at 106 distinct patterns were composed of 10 clusters with 23 members and 96 unique patterns. Nine and five loci had high and moderate discriminatory power, respectively, but only one of them was poor in clustering. The study showed that 89.08% of TB cases involved resulted from the reactivation pattern and 10.92% were related to ongoing transmission. Although Azerbaijan Republic is a higher-burden TB region than Tabriz and Azerbaijan people make frequent tours to Tabriz to receive low or free medical services, the findings showed no TB transmission from the regions at least during the year of the study.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Determining the risk of intra-community transmission of tuberculosis in the northwest of Iran through 15 loci MIRU-VNTR typing

Afaghi-Gharamaleki

Moaddab

Darbouy

et al. 2017

EuJMI

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“…We explored the use of a nearest-neighbor approach to expand TB contact investigations. This approach does not rely on name-based contact identification, which has been shown to be ineffective (6,(16)(17)(18). In addition, the neighbor-based approach would not require mobile screening units or mass screening campaigns in the community.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neighbor-Based Approach to Identify Tuberculosis Exposure, the Kopanyo Study

Moonan¹,

Zetola²,

Tobias³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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T uberculosis (TB) is a global health emergency (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) End TB Strategy proposes a 90% reduction in TB incidence and 95% reduction in TB deaths by 2035 compared with 2015 (2). To reach this target, effective interventions are needed to interrupt transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Contact investigations help prevent M. tuberculosis transmission by identifying and treating persons in close contact with persons with TB disease (3). WHO recommends tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for household members of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB patients to prevent progression to active TB disease (4). Contact investigations are a major tenet of the End TB Strategy but remain ineffective for various reasons (2,5,6). Many TB programs in high-burden areas limit contact investigations to household members (6). Recent studies suggest that such restrictions might miss key exposures in the community (7,8). Targeted, population-based, geographic TB screening is a potential approach to augment contact investigations (9-11) but is resource and time intensive and rarely includes TPT (11,12). We used population-based, molecular epidemiologic data from Botswana to investigate potential use of a neighbor-based approach for contact investigations. The Study During August 2012-April 2016, we enrolled participants treated for TB disease at 30 healthcare facilities in Botswana for a prospective molecular epidemiologic study, Kopanyo. In brief, Kopanyo was designed to explore potential clinical, demographic, geographic, social relationships, and M. tuberculosis genotypic characteristics among persons with TB (13,14). We interviewed enrolled patients by using a standardized questionnaire and abstracted clinical data from medical records (13). We collected and processed sputum samples for culture and genotyped isolates with 24-locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unitsvariable-number tandem-repeats by using standard methods (15). We geocoded and validated the primary residence of each enrolled patient (Appendix, https:// wwwnc.cdc.gov/EID/article/26/5/19-1568-App1. pdf). We excluded patients without a validated primary residential geocode and those who resided in locations outside of the study area. The study area included all 11 neighborhoods in Gaborone and 3 villages in the Ghanzi District: Ghanzi, D'Kar, and Kuke. We defined index patients as the first culture-positive pulmonary TB patient identified and started on treatment in a household. We used residence plots to identify nearest neighbors, which we defined as those who lived immediately next door, and next-nearest neighbors, which we defined as those who lived 2 doors away (Figure). We enumerated all subsequent TB cases identified by bacteriologic confirmation and clinical diagnosis within the index home, nearest-neighbor homes, and next-nearest neighbor homes. We defined

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“…The absence of identifiable common activities highlights the difficulties faced in TB contact tracing in urban settings. While recall bias and refusal to declare contacts are possible, casual contact especially with those living in close geographical proximity cannot be ruled out (Golub et al, 2001;Rao et al, 1980;Wang et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a cluster of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in a high-rise apartment block in Singapore

Chee

Ong

et al. 2018

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Role of casual contacts in the recent transmission of tuberculosis in settings with high disease burden

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

Determining the risk of intra-community transmission of tuberculosis in the northwest of Iran through 15 loci MIRU-VNTR typing

Determining the risk of intra-community transmission of tuberculosis in the northwest of Iran through 15 loci MIRU-VNTR typing

A Neighbor-Based Approach to Identify Tuberculosis Exposure, the Kopanyo Study

Investigation of a cluster of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in a high-rise apartment block in Singapore

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