Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules for Prognosis of Disease Development of Patients With and Without COVID-19 in the Emergency Department

Bauer, Wolfgang; Ulke, Jannis; Galtung, Noa; Strasser-Marsik, Leonore Claudia; Neuwinger, Nick; Tauber, Rudolf; Somasundaram, Rajan; Kappert, Kai

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiab042

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The present study is the largest study to date to assess complement activation markers C5a, C5b-9 as well as endothelial cell activation markers E-selectin, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and Galectin-3, an immunoregulatory protein, in COVID-19 cases and SARS-CoV-2 negative controls with similar symptoms and presentation. With few exceptions ( 32 , 33 ), most previous studies had chosen healthy individuals as controls, thereby potentially overestimating the specificity of those biomarkers for COVID-19.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement and endothelial cell activation in COVID-19 patients compared to controls with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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BackgroundThromboinflammation may influence disease outcome in COVID-19. We aimed to evaluate complement and endothelial cell activation in patients with confirmed COVID-19 compared to controls with clinically suspected but excluded SARS-CoV-2 infection.MethodsIn a prospective, observational, single-center study, patients presenting with clinically suspected COVID-19 were recruited in the emergency department. Blood samples on presentation were obtained for analysis of C5a, sC5b-9, E-selectin, Galectin-3, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.Results153 cases and 166 controls (suffering mainly from non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viral infections, non-infectious inflammatory conditions and bacterial pneumonia) were included. Hospital admission occurred in 62% and 45% of cases and controls, respectively. C5a and VCAM-1 concentrations were significantly elevated and E-selectin concentrations decreased in COVID-19 out- and inpatients compared to the respective controls. However, relative differences in outpatients vs. inpatients in most biomarkers were comparable between cases and controls. Elevated concentrations of C5a, Galectin-3, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on presentation were associated with the composite outcome of ICU- admission or 30-day mortality in COVID-19 and controls, yet more pronounced in COVID-19. C5a and sC5b-9 concentrations were significantly higher in COVID-19 males vs. females, which was not observed in the control group.ConclusionsOur data indicate an activation of the complement cascade and endothelium in COVID-19 beyond a nonspecific inflammatory trigger as observed in controls (i.e., “over”-activation).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complement and endothelial cell activation in COVID-19 patients compared to controls with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…Similar to our findings, a recent meta-analysis comprising 349 critically ill and 337 non-critically ill patients described significantly higher rates of VCAM-1 levels in COVID-19 patients with a proposed cut-off point of 2523.7 ng/ml for critically ill and 1921.1 ng/ml for non-critically ill patients, respectively ( 21 ). Moreover, Bauer et al ( 39 ) conducted a comparison of critically ill COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients requiring intensive care treatment, which again revealed significantly higher VCAM-1 levels in the COVID-19 group ( 39 ). Additionally, a direct correlation between VCAM-1 levels and viral RNA load in plasma was noted ( 40 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Biomarkers for Prediction of in-hospital and 1-Year Post-discharge Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia

et al. 2022

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AimsWhile COVID-19 affects the cardiovascular system, the potential clinical impact of cardiovascular biomarkers on predicting outcomes in COVID-19 patients is still unknown. Therefore, to investigate this issue we analyzed the prognostic potential of cardiac biomarkers on in-hospital and long-term post-discharge mortality of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.MethodsSerum soluble ST2, VCAM-1, and hs-TnI were evaluated upon admission in 280 consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19-associated pneumonia in a single, tertiary care center. Patient clinical and laboratory characteristics and the concentration of biomarkers were correlated with in-hospital [Hospital stay: 11 days (10; 14)] and post-discharge all-cause mortality at 1 year follow-up [FU: 354 days (342; 361)].Results11 patients died while hospitalized for COVID-19 (3.9%), and 11 patients died during the 1-year post-discharge follow-up period (n = 11, 4.1%). Using multivariate analysis, VCAM-1 was shown to predict mortality during the hospital period (HR 1.081, CI 95% 1.035;1.129, p = 0.017), but not ST2 or hs-TnI. In contrast, during one-year FU post hospital discharge, ST2 (HR 1.006, 95% CI 1.002;1.009, p < 0.001) and hs-TnI (HR 1.362, 95% CI 1.050;1.766, p = 0.024) predicted mortality, although not VCAM-1.ConclusionIn patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia, elevated levels of VCAM-1 at admission were associated with in-hospital mortality, while ST2 and hs-TnI might predict post-discharge mortality in long term follow-up.

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“…Although VCAM1 levels were gradually increased in all COVID-19 cases compared with controls, it was not statistically significant. Serum levels of VCAM-1 were found to be higher in COVID-19 patients than in non-COVID-19 patients [60]. Li et al showed that serum VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels were elevated in mild and severe COVID-19 cases compared with healthy subjects [61].…”

Section: Vitamin D and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1

et al. 2021

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Background: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol to increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, and reveal the potential mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals and 210 cases. A total of 163 cases had vitamin D supplementation, and 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, serum levels of vitamin D metabolism, and action mechanism-related parameters were evaluated. Results: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. COVID-19 cases (no comorbidities, no vitamin D treatment, 25OHD <30 ng/mL) had 1.9-fold increased risk of having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with the cases with comorbidities and vitamin D treatment. Having vitamin D treatment decreased the mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis of specific serum biomarkers with 25OHD indicated that the vitamin D action in COVID-19 might involve regulation of INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment shortened hospital stay and decreased mortality in COVID-19 cases, even in the existence of comorbidities. Vitamin D supplementation is effective on various target parameters; therefore, it is essential for COVID-19 treatment.

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Role of Cell Adhesion Molecules for Prognosis of Disease Development of Patients With and Without COVID-19 in the Emergency Department

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Complement and endothelial cell activation in COVID-19 patients compared to controls with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study

Complement and endothelial cell activation in COVID-19 patients compared to controls with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study

Cardiovascular Biomarkers for Prediction of in-hospital and 1-Year Post-discharge Mortality in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia

Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1

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