Role of central neurotransmission and chemoreception on airway control

Kc, Prabha; Martin, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.resp.2010.03.020

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 123 publications

(209 reference statements)

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“…NTS neurons send direct projections to the vagal preganglionic neurons in the rostral nucleus ambiguus. These neurons, in turn, project to the intrinsic tracheobronchial ganglia, which provide the innervation to airway smooth muscle, submucosal glands and the vasculature (reviewed in Kc and Martin, 2010). Several tract tracing studies have demonstrated that NTS neurons also send monosynaptic projections to the ventral respiratory group (Alheid et al, 2011; Ellenberger and Feldman, 1990; Rosin et al, 2006).…”

Section: Role Of Vagal Neurocircuitry In Nausea and Vomitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vagal neurocircuits in the regulation of nausea and vomiting

Babic

Browning

2014

European Journal of Pharmacology

183

143

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Nausea and vomiting are among the most frequently occurring symptoms observed by clinicians. While advances have been made in understanding both the physiological as well as the neurophysiological pathways involved in nausea and vomiting, the final common pathway(s) for emesis have yet to be defined. Regardless of the difficulties in elucidating the precise neurocircuitry involved in nausea and vomiting, it has been accepted for over a century that the locus for these neurocircuits encompasses several structures within the medullary reticular formation of the hindbrain and that the role of vagal neurocircuits in particular are of critical importance. The afferent vagus nerve is responsible for relaying a vast amount of sensory information from thoracic and abdominal organs to the central nervous system. Neurons within the nucleus of the tractus solitarius not only receive these peripheral sensory inputs but have direct or indirect connections with several other hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain structures responsible for the co-ordination of the multiple organ systems. The efferent vagus nerve relays the integrated and co-ordinated output response to several peripheral organs responsible for emesis. The important role of both sensory and motor vagus nerves, and the available nature of peripheral vagal afferent and efferent nerve terminals, provides extensive and readily accessible targets for the development of drugs to combat nausea and vomiting.

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Section: Role Of Vagal Neurocircuitry In Nausea and Vomitingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of vagal neurocircuits in the regulation of nausea and vomiting

Babic

Browning

2014

European Journal of Pharmacology

183

143

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“…Design for reflex protection of the airway via bidirectional central nervous system (CNS)-airway pathways, repeated exposures to environmental pollutants, inflammatory stimuli, and other noxious agents may modulate afferent airway sensory pathways (150,315,316), leading to increased excitability of airway-related vagal preganglionic neurons and airway hyperresponsiveness. The extensive and exquisite neural control of airways has been previously reviewed (150,177,317,318). CNS control of the airway involves integrated netReview L920 NOVEL ROLES OF AIRWAY SMOOTH MUSCLE works along the central neural axis, particularly the vagal preganglionic neurons within the medulla, which form the final common pathway from the brain to the airways.…”

Section: Neural Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned?

Prakash

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Phys

179

154

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Prakash YS. Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305: L912-L933, 2013. First published October 18, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajplung.00259.2013.-It is now established that airway smooth muscle (ASM) has roles in determining airway structure and function, well beyond that as the major contractile element. Indeed, changes in ASM function are central to the manifestation of allergic, inflammatory, and fibrotic airway diseases in both children and adults, as well as to airway responses to local and environmental exposures. Emerging evidence points to novel signaling mechanisms within ASM cells of different species that serve to control diverse features, including 1) [Ca 2ϩ ]i contractility and relaxation, 2) cell proliferation and apoptosis, 3) production and modulation of extracellular components, and 4) release of pro-vs. anti-inflammatory mediators and factors that regulate immunity as well as the function of other airway cell types, such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These diverse effects of ASM "activity" result in modulation of bronchoconstriction vs. bronchodilation relevant to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway thickening, and fibrosis that influence compliance. This perspective highlights recent discoveries that reveal the central role of ASM in this regard and helps set the stage for future research toward understanding the pathways regulating ASM and, in turn, the influence of ASM on airway structure and function. Such exploration is key to development of novel therapeutic strategies that influence the pathophysiology of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.

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“…Nevertheless, insulin regulates hepatic glucose production by activating parasympathetic pre-ganglionic fibers from dorsal vagal complex (DVC) at the brainstem [86], located at the vicinity of the nucleus ambiguus (NA), which in turn innervate the airways. Vagal preganglionic neurons that innervate the airways arise primarily from the rostral NA (rNA) and to a lesser degree from the rostral portion of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus [87]. It is plausible that insulin may also regulate bronchial contractile responses by modulating the vagal tonus that originates from these nucleuses (Fig.…”

Section: Insulin and Airway Smooth Muscle (Asm) Hyperresponsivenessmentioning

confidence: 99%