Role of cerebrospinal fluid in differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells into neuron-like cells

Abstract

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) could be differentiated into neuron like-cells under particular microenvironments. It has been reported that a wide range of factors, presented in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), playing part in neuronal differentiation during embryonic stages, we herein introduce a novel culture media complex to differentiate hDPSCs into neuron-like cells. The hDPSCs were initially isolated and characterized. The CSF was prepared from the Cisterna magna of 19-day-old Wistar rat embryos, embryonic cerebrospinal fluid (E-CSF). The hDPSCs were treated by 5% E-CSF for 2 days, then neurospheres were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with 10-6 μm retinoic acid (RA), glialderived neurotrophic factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor for 6 days. The cells which were cultured in basic culture medium were considered as control group. Morphology of differentiated cells as well as process elongation were examined by an inverted microscope. In addition, the neural differentiation markers (Nestin and MAP2) were studied employing immunocytochemistry. Neuronal-like processes appeared 8 days after treatment. Neural progenitor marker (Nestin) and a mature neural marker (MAP2) were expressed in treated group. Moreover Nissl bodies were found in the cytoplasm of treated group. Taking these together, we have designed a simple protocol for generating neuron-like cells using CSF from the hDPSCs, applicable for cell therapy in several neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease.

Deciphering the impact of cerebrospinal fluid on stem cell fate as a new mechanism to enhance clinical therapy development

“…The same group has recently published a letter suggesting the potential of using neural crest-derived stem cells from hair follicles in Parkinson's disease treatment, thanks to their ability to generate dopaminergic neurons as a response to eCSF presence (Pandamooz et al, 2022). A similar effect on neuronal differentiation was presented in a study in which human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) were investigated (Goudarzi et al, 2020). This research showed, that CSF isolated from the cisterna magna of 19-dayold Wistar rat embryos added to the culture even for 2 days can induce final differentiation to neuron-like cells from hDPSCs, resulting in expression of Nestin, MAP2 and the presence of Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm (Table 2).…”

The Wisdom in Teeth: Neuronal Differentiation of Dental Pulp Cells

“…Interestingly, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) also provided a favorable microenvironment for differentiating hDPSCs into neurogenic lineages (Goudarzi et al, 2020 ). As the CSF is in direct contact with NSCs in the CNS, it contains neurotrophic and growth factors with other nutrients and cytokines, which are able to induce neural differentiation of hDPSCs with the simultaneous usage of RA.…”

Role of agmatine in the application of neural progenitor cell in central nervous system diseases: therapeutic potentials and effects

“…The process of identifying viable sources of neural progenitor cells from various sources, to promote neurogenesis post CNS injury. Recent studies have also identified human dental pulp stem cells as a promising candidate for stem cell therapy as they differentiate in to neuron like cells [ 44 , 45 ]. These stem cells were derived from ectomesenchyme neural crest, which means they have the similar characteristic to that of mesenchymal and neural crest stem cells [ 45 , 46 ].…”