Role of chlorine in ultrafine particulate matter formation during the combustion of a blend of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal

Xu, Yishu; Liu, Xiaowei; Zhang, Penghui; Guo, Junzhe; Han, Jinke; Zhou, Zijian; Xu, Minghou

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2016.07.015

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…PM samplings were performed at the inlets and outlets of the ESPs (see Figure ) with two DLPI sampling systems, following the procedures described elsewhere. − Briefly, the DLPI sampling system consists of a cyclone (SAC-10, Dekati), a Dekati low pressure impactor (DLPI), a pressure gauge, and a vacuum pump. During the sampling, a stream of flue gas (10 L/min) was isokinetically extracted from the center of the flue duct via a probe and introduced into the cyclone to separate the particles with the aerodynamic diameters of >10 μm (PM >10 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM_2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The impacts of in-furnace kaolin addition on the formation and emission characteristics of PM from a 1000 MW coal-fired utility boiler equipped with electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are investigated for the first time ever in this contribution. Detailed characterization of the chemical composition, micromorphology, melting characteristics of the fine PM, total fly ash, and/or bottom ash samples were carried out using the X-ray fluorescence probe, the field emission scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray detector, the ash fusion analyzer, and the dust specific resistivity analyzer. The results showed that the formation of fine PM was reduced when kaolin was added, and the mass concentrations of the particulate matter with the aerodynamic diameters of ≤0.3 and 2.5 μm (PM and PM) were reduced by 55.97% and 5.48%, respectively. As expected, kaolin reacted with the volatile mineral vapors (e.g., Ca, Na) and inhibited their partitioning into ultrafine PM. It was interesting to find that the added kaolin modified the ash melting behavior, and promoted the capture of the ultrafine PM onto the coarse particles. What is more, the added kaolin reduced the specific resistivity of the fly ash and improved their capture efficiency in the ESPs. Finally, the above combined effects brought about the emission reductions of 41.27% and 36.72% for PM and PM after the ESPs. These results provided a direct confirmation on the feasibility of in-furnace kaolin addition on the PM reduction in the realistic combustion conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM_2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

Liu

Wang

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Cl is a common element in coal (Xu et al., 2016). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that a large amount of Cl is present in coal, and the Cl content decreases with an increase in coalification (Table 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of CO₂ on organic groups in bituminous coal and high-rank coal via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Liu

Sang

et al. 2018

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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The interactions between supercritical CO 2 and coal and their effects on changes in the coal pore structure and organic groups play a critical role in the CO 2 geological storage-enhanced coalbed methane recovery. To investigate the effects of supercritical CO 2 on organic groups in coals of different ranks and its mechanisms under different temperature and pressure conditions, CO 2 sequestration processes in bituminous coals and high-rank coals were replicated using a highpressure reactor. Four coal samples of different ranks were exposed to supercritical CO 2 and water under three temperatures and pressures for 240 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to provide semiquantitative ratios and Fourier transform infrared spectra of coal samples before and after the supercritical CO 2-H 2 O treatment. The results show that interactions between supercritical CO 2 and coal were controlled by the coal macromolecular structure, and semianthracite is the inflection point of interaction characteristics for coal samples of different ranks. Bituminous coal, including high-and low-volatility bituminous coal, has a low degree of condensation of its aromatic structure, and its aromatic nuclei can facilitate addition reactions. Swellings primarily break cross-links between aromatic nuclei in the same aromatic layer. These characteristics favor the polymerization addition of aliphatic side chains of aromatic nuclei, causing an increase in the degree of condensation of the aromatic structures in bituminous coal. Highrank coals including semianthracite and anthracite have a high degree of condensation of their

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“…Significantly higher Na + in northern cities (0.75 ± 0.58 µg/m 3 ) compared to central (0.26 ± 0.19 µg/m 3 ) and southern (0.21 ± 0.16 µg/m 3 ) cities ( Fig. 4c) further indicated that there is higher consumption of coal in northern cities, as Na + emission is a characteristic of coal combustion [67,68].…”

Section: Model Of Positive Matrix Factorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dual peak distribution of aerosol Cl − might be ascribed to both the sources of chlorine and the gas-particulate partitioning of chlorine. The sources of aerosol Cl − in the urban atmosphere include primary particulate Cl − emission (particulate Cl − directly emitted from the coal combustion, biomass burning, mineral dust and sea salts) and the transformation of gas-phase HCl (mainly emitted from the coal combustion, biomass burning and industrial emissions) into particulate Cl − [21,32,67]. The primary particulate Cl − sources, such as sea salt and mineral dust, were mainly distributed in the coarse mode.…”

Section: Size Distributions Of Aerosol CL − : a Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

et al. 2019

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Chlorine is an important atmospheric photochemical oxidant, but few studies have focused on atmospheric chlorine. In this study, PM 2.5 samples were collected from urban and rural sites across China in January 2018, and concentrations of Cl − and other water-soluble ions in PM 2.5 were analyzed. The size-segregated aerosol Cl − data measured across Chinese cities by other studies were compiled for comparison. The observed data demonstrated that the Cl − concentrations of PM 2.5 in northern cities (5.0 ± 3.7 µg/m 3 ) were higher than those in central (1.9 ± 1.2 µg/m 3 ) and southern cities (0.84 ± 0.54 µg/m 3 ), suggesting substantial chlorine emissions in northern cities during winter. The concentrations of Cl − in aerosol were significantly higher in urban regions (0.11-26.7 µg/m 3 ) compared to than in rural regions (0.03-0.61 µg/m 3 ) across China during winter, implying strong anthropogenic chlorine emission in cities. Based on the mole ratios of Cl − /Na + , Cl − /K + and Cl − /SO 2− 4 and the PMF model, Cl − in northern and central cities was mainly sourced from the coal combustion and biomass burning, but in southern cities, Cl − in PM 2.5 was mainly affected by the equilibrium between gas-phase HCl and particulate Cl − . The size-segregated statistical data demonstrated that particulate Cl − had a bimodal pattern, and more Cl − was distributed in the fine model than that in the coarse mode in winter, with the opposite pattern was observed in summer. This may be attributed to both sources of atmospheric Cl − and Cl − involved in chemical processes. This study reports the concentrations of aerosol Cl − on a national scale, and provides important information for modeling the global atmospheric reactive chlorine distribution and the effects of chlorine on atmospheric photochemistry.Atmosphere 2019, 10, 505 2 of 16 may disturb the aerosol acidity [11][12][13][14], which further affects the water-soluble ion concentrations aerosol [15,16]. Although the Cl − concentration in aerosol has been incidentally reported in many studies, very few studies have paid attention to Cl − in terrestrial aerosols as compared to marine aerosol, let alone in situ observations on a large spatial scale.The sources of atmospheric Cl − have been identified using several different methods, such as determining stable isotopic compositions of Cl − [17][18][19], monitoring the relationships between Cl − and OC, EC, Na + , and K + [16,[20][21][22], and model simulations [23,24]. Atmospheric Cl − has many natural sources, including sea water, wildfires, dust storms, and volcanic eruptions [25][26][27][28], as well as anthropogenic sources, such as coal combustion, biomass burning, industrial emissions, and the use of sodium chloride on icy roads [20,21,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The chlorine emissions from sea water (both particulate Cl − and gas-phase HCl) were estimated to be 1792.6 Tg Cl yr −1 [23], which is considerably higher than emissions from other sources, such as dust (15 Tg Cl yr −1 as particulate Cl − ) and volcanic eruption...

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Role of chlorine in ultrafine particulate matter formation during the combustion of a blend of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal

Cited by 55 publications

References 42 publications

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM_2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM_2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

The effects of CO₂ on organic groups in bituminous coal and high-rank coal via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

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Role of chlorine in ultrafine particulate matter formation during the combustion of a blend of high-Cl coal and low-Cl coal

Cited by 55 publications

References 42 publications

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

The effects of CO2 on organic groups in bituminous coal and high-rank coal via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Spatial Distributions and Sources of Inorganic Chlorine in PM2.5 across China in Winter

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Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM_2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

Influences of In-Furnace Kaolin Addition on the Formation and Emission Characteristics of PM_2.5 in a 1000 MW Coal-Fired Power Station

The effects of CO₂ on organic groups in bituminous coal and high-rank coal via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy