Role of Chlorogenic Acids in Controlling Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress Conditions

Abstract

Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are esters formed between caffeic and quinic acids, and represent an abundant group of plant polyphenols present in the human diet. CGAs have different subgroups that include caffeoylquinic, p-coumaroylquinic, and feruloyquinic acids. Results of epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of beverages such as coffee, tea, wine, different herbal infusions, and also some fruit juices are linked to reduced risks of developing different chronic diseases. These beverages contain CGAs present in different concentrations and isomeric mixtures. The underlying mechanism(s) for specific health benefits attributed to CGAs involves mitigating oxidative stress, and hence the related adverse effects associated with an unbalanced intracellular redox state. There is also evidence to show that CGAs exhibit anti-inflammatory activities by modulating a number of important metabolic pathways. This review will focus on three specific aspects of the relevance of CGAs in coffee beverages; namely: (1) the relative composition of different CGA isomers present in coffee beverages; (2) analysis of in vitro and in vivo evidence that CGAs and individual isomers can mitigate oxidative and inflammatory stresses; and (3) description of the molecular mechanisms that have a key role in the cell signaling activity that underlines important functions.

Structure–activity relationship of immunomodulating pectins from elderberries

“…Chlorogenic acid has shown both in vitro and in vivo anti-oxidant effect and is correlated with many health-promoting properties [158][159][160]. The metabolites and degradation products from investigations [136].…”

Control of antioxidant efficiency of chlorogenates in emulsions: modulation of antioxidant interfacial concentrations

“…and vegetables. Several epidemiological studies have linked CGA consumption to a wide range of health benefits, including neuroprotection, cardioprotection and anti‐inflammatory activity . However, its high hydrophilicity prevents its application as an AO because of its low bioavailability in protecting lipid tissues.…”

Bioactive properties and phenolic profile of Momordica charantia L. medicinal plant growing wild in Trinidad and Tobago

“…From the flavonoid glycosides determined in the current study, astragalin (Lee et al, 2011), isoquercitrin (Rogerio et al, 2007), nicotiflorin (Soberon et al, 2010) and rutin (Lee et al, 2015), as well as chlorogenic acids (Liang and Kitts, 2016) have been previously stated as demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity.…”