Role of circulating molecules in age-related cardiovascular and metabolic disorders

Abstract

Studies analyzing heterochronic parabiosis mice models showed that molecules in the blood of young mice rejuvenate aged mice. Therefore, blood-based therapies have become one of the therapeutic approaches to be considered for age-related diseases. Blood includes numerous biologically active molecules such as proteins, metabolites, hormones, miRNAs, etc. and accumulating evidence indicates some of these change their concentration with chronological aging or age-related disorders. The level of some circulating molecules showed a negative or positive correlation with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, or metabolic disorders. Through analyses of clinical/translation/basic research, some molecules were focused on as therapeutic targets. One approach is the supplementation of circulating anti-aging molecules. Favorable results in preclinical studies let some molecules to be tested in humans. These showed beneficial or neutral results, and some were inconsistent. Studies with rodents and humans indicate circulating molecules can be recognized as biomarkers or therapeutic targets mediating their pro-aging or anti-aging effects. Characterization of these molecules with aging, testing their biological effects, and finding mimetics of young systemic milieu continue to be an interesting and important research topic to be explored.

Capillaries as a Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure

“…Levels of circulating pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein increase with aging [99][100][101][102][103] or in patients with HFpEF 104) . Endothelial activating markers including ICAM-1 and E-selectin became higher in myocardial samples of a ZSF-1 HFpEF rat model or patients with HFpEF 105) .…”

Characteristics of Accidental Falls in the Patients with Chronic Kidney Diseases: A 14-Year Retrospective Study and Review

“…Furthermore, CKD is closely associated with age, and aging leads to functional decline through increased kidney susceptibility 31 . Aging causes not only a decline in kidney function but also a decline in systemic physiological functions, such as muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, and subjective impairment of consciousness 32 . This makes it understandable why older CKD groups are more prone to falls and fractures.…”

Blood‐based bioenergetic profiling reveals differences in mitochondrial function associated with cognitive performance and Alzheimer's disease

“…Various classes of circulating factors, including peptides, lipid metabolites, RNA, and cytokines are being investigated as mediators of biological aging and age-related diseases, including AD. 46 The main strength of this study is the rigorous bioenergetic profiling approach, combining high-resolution and high-throughput respirometry of two different blood cell populations. Comparison of PBMCs and platelets in a cohort of this size reveals key differences that were previously unappreciated.…”

“…Future studies can examine whether factors mediating aging‐related bioenergetic decline also underlie relationships between cognitive status and blood cell bioenergetics reported here. Various classes of circulating factors, including peptides, lipid metabolites, RNA, and cytokines are being investigated as mediators of biological aging and age‐related diseases, including AD 46 …”