Role of clothing in both accelerating and impeding dermal absorption of airborne SVOCs

Morrison, Glenn; Weschler, Charles J.; Bekö, Gabriel; Koch, Holger M.; Salthammer, Tunga; Schripp, Tobias; Toftum, Jørn; Clausen, Geo

doi:10.1038/jes.2015.42

Cited by 118 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Morrison et al . observed substantial uptake of diethyl phthalate (DEP) and di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DnBP) for a subject wearing clothing that had been allowed to absorb the phthalates for 9 days from chamber air enriched in DEP and DnBP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results

2016

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In this research, we extend a model of transdermal uptake of phthalates to include a layer of clothing. When compared with experimental results, this model better estimates dermal uptake of diethylphthalate (DEP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP) than a previous model. The model Accepted ArticleThis article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.predictions are consistent with the observation that previously exposed clothing can increase dermal uptake over that observed in bare-skin participants for the same exposure air concentrations. The model predicts that dermal uptake from clothing of DnBP is a substantial fraction of total uptake from all sources of exposure. For compounds that have high dermal permeability coefficients, dermal uptake is increased for i) thinner clothing, ii) a narrower gap between clothing and skin and iii) longer time intervals between laundering and wearing.Enhanced dermal uptake is most pronounced for compounds with clothing-air partition coefficients between 10 4 and 10 7 . In the absence of direct measurements of cotton cloth-air partition coefficients, dermal exposure may be predicted using equilibrium data for compounds in equilibrium with cellulose and water, in combination with computational methods of predicting partition coefficients. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONSThis model improves predictions of dermal uptake from clothing for two phthalates. Successful extension of this model to other compounds will improve population exposure estimates.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results

2016

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“…levels of gas-phase nicotine for a longer time, absorbing more nicotine. With sufficient exposure time, at the same gas-phase concentration as in the 3-h bare-skin and clean-clothes exposure, dermal uptake from clothing could exceed that for bare-skinned participants as was observed for phthalates in Morrison et al (2016).…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 82%

“…On the other hand, wearing clean clothing after exposure is anticipated to significantly reduce absorption due to transfer of nicotine from skin lipids to clothing (Weschler et al, 2015;Morrison et al, 2016). Given such transfer to clothing, the absorbed mass measured in this study is likely within a factor of five of the maximum anticipated absorption (neglecting ionization).…”

Section: Accepted Articlementioning

confidence: 84%

Measurements of dermal uptake of nicotine directly from air and clothing

et al. 2016

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In this preliminary study, we have investigated whether dermal uptake of nicotine directly from air or indirectly from clothing can be a meaningful exposure pathway. Two participants wearing only shorts and a third participant wearing clean cotton clothes were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), generated by mechanically “smoking” cigarettes, for three hours in a chamber while breathing clean air from head-enveloping hoods. The average nicotine concentration (420 μg/m3) was comparable to the highest levels reported for smoking sections of pubs. Urine samples were collected immediately before exposure and 60 hour post-exposure for bare-skinned participants. For the clothed participant, post-exposure urine samples were collected for 24 hour. This participant then entered the chamber for another three-hour exposure wearing a hood and clothes, including a shirt that had been exposed for five days to elevated nicotine levels. The urine samples were analyzed for nicotine and two metabolites—cotinine and 3OH-cotinine. Peak urinary cotinine and 3OH-cotinine concentrations for the bare-skinned participants were comparable to levels measured among non-smokers in hospitality environments before smoking bans. The amount of dermally absorbed nicotine for each bare-skinned participant was conservatively estimated at 570 μg, but may have been larger. For the participant wearing clean clothes, uptake was ~20 μg, and while wearing a shirt previously exposed to nicotine, uptake was ~80 μg. This study demonstrates meaningful dermal uptake of nicotine directly from air or from nicotine-exposed clothes. The findings are especially relevant for children in homes with smoking or vaping

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“…Fabrics are recognized as a possible exposure route, but there have been few studies concerning transport of chemicals to textile materials from air. 30 Morrison et al 31 recently evaluated the influences of freshly cleaned and pre air-exposed clothes (clean cotton clothes exposed to phthalates for at least 1 week prior to use) on dermal exposure to phthalates, DEP and DnBP, with the clothed participants being exposed to phthalates vapor in a chamber. After 6 h exposure, urine samples of the participants with pre air-exposed clothes contained greater concentrations of DEP and DnBP metabolites than those of the participants with fresh clothes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results indicated that freshly cleaned clothes were protective, whereas pre air-exposed clothes enhanced dermal uptake of DEP and DnBP by the factors of 3.3 and 6.5, respectively, compared to the average results for bare-skinned participants. 31 Accordingly, clothes with sorbed pollutants may substantially enhance dermal uptake of SVOCs compared to bare skin, even if the exposure is nonoccupational. In addition, gaseous methamphetamine, a substituted amphetamine and central nervous system stimulant, was reported to accumulate on cotton and polyester clothes, toy fabrics, upholstery, and skin oil.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermal Uptake from Airborne Organics as an Important Route of Human Exposure to E-Waste Combustion Fumes

Bao

Tao

et al. 2016

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Skin absorption of gaseous organic contaminants is an important and relevant mechanism in human exposure to such contaminants, but has not been adequately examined. This article demonstrates that dermal uptake from airborne contaminants could be recognized as a significant exposure route for local residents subjecting to combustion fume from ewaste recycling activities. It is particularly true for organic pollutants which have high dermal penetration rates and large skin-air partition coefficients, such as low molecular weight plasticizers and flame retardants.

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Role of clothing in both accelerating and impeding dermal absorption of airborne SVOCs

Cited by 118 publications

References 35 publications

Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results

Dermal uptake of phthalates from clothing: Comparison of model to human participant results

Measurements of dermal uptake of nicotine directly from air and clothing

Dermal Uptake from Airborne Organics as an Important Route of Human Exposure to E-Waste Combustion Fumes

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