Role of competition in managing weeds: An introduction to the special issue

Sardana, Virender; Mahajan, Gulshan; Jabran, Khawar; Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh

doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2016.09.011

Cited by 103 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The competitive ability of crops against weeds mainly determine by higher plant height and dry matter accumulation, early canopy closure, enhanced leaf area leading to more light interception and shading over understory plant species, increased nutrient uptake, proliferate root growth, and allelopathic effects (Pavlychenko and Harrington, 1934;Balyan et al, 1991;Cousens et al, 1991;Cudney et al, 1991;Anwar et al, 2010;Bajwa et al, 2017). Early-ripening of improved rice cultivars and hybrids have the ability to acquire larger canopy coverage within a short period of time and can suppress the weed growth to a greater magnitude over traditional, open-pollinated, long-duration cultivars (Zhao, 2006;ICAR, 2007;Sardana et al, 2017;. The significant genotypic differences for weedcompetitive abilities of rice, cultivated under moderately weedy and completely weed-free environments have also been documented (Anwar et al, 2010;Mahajan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E Efficacy and Economics of Herbicidal Weed Management in Monsoon Rice of Bangladesh

Islam

Popy

Hasan

et al. 2017

jsa

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Weed management is a challenging task in sustainable rice production. Physical and cultural methods of weed control are laborious and expensive, whereas chemical control is cheaper and less time consuming despite of some detrimental effect on environment with its inappropriate application. Considering these points, an investigation was conducted during July-December 2015 to find out appropriate weed management practices for inbred and hybrid rice. The experiment comprised of four rice varieties (two inbred; BRRI dhan49 and Binadhan-7, and two hybrids; Dhani gold and Agrodhan-12); and eight herbicidal weed control treatments (season-long weedy or weed free, Pretilachlor fb Penoxsolum or 2,4-D dimethyl amine, Pendimethalin fb Penoxsolum or 2,4-D dimethyl amine, Pretilachlor or Pendimethalin fb one-time hand weeding). Eleven weed species belonging to five families were observed in the experimental plots. The highest weed density and dry weight were found in season-long weedy treatment and the lowest one was found in Pretilachlor fb one-time hand weeding. The highest above ground crop biomass (9.7 t ha -1 ) and harvest index (46.3%) were obtained from the hybrid variety Agrodhan-12 and the lowest biomass (8.3 t ha -1 ) was obtained from the inbred variety Binadhan-7. Season long weed free condition resulted the highest above ground crop biomass (10.9 t ha -1 ), harvest index (48.7%), highest yield increase over control (213.8), weed control efficiency (100%) and gross return (BDT 141480 ha -1 ) and the lowest values for all those parameters were obtained from season-long weedy treatment. Season-long weed free treatment combined with Pretilachlor or Pendimethalin fb onetime hand weeding showed the best performance in reducing weed density and increasing above ground crop biomass, but gross return was higher because of high labor wages in these treatments. The highest BCR (2.5) was observed in Pretilachlor fb Penoxsolum. Therefore, from economic view point Pretilachlor fb Penoxsolum is the best combination. But from sustainability view point Pretilachlor or Pendimethalin along with one-time hand weeding may be recommended for effective weed management in inbred and hybrid rice during monsoon season.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

E Efficacy and Economics of Herbicidal Weed Management in Monsoon Rice of Bangladesh

Islam

Popy

Hasan

et al. 2017

jsa

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“…Arable weeds offer an outstanding opportunity to meet this challenge: first, for practical reasons, because of the relative ease of in situ experimental manipulation of the crop-weed competition and major abiotic factors affecting weed assemblages; and second, because the existence of crop-weed competition suggests that weed regulation by crop competition may be a sustainable option for weed management while reducing herbicides (Sardana et al 2017). Crop plants are strongly dominant in arable fields and garner a disproportionate share of the pool of available resources due to a N supply level high enough to enhance their competitive ability (Iqbal and Wright 1997), as well as early establishment and high sowing density, and, therefore, drastically reduce the abundance and biomass of weed plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

et al. 2018

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Citation: Gaba, S., J. Caneill, B. Nicolardot, R. Perronne, and V. Bretagnolle. 2018. Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds. Ecosphere 9(10):Abstract. Management of biotic interactions has been recognized as a potential substitute for costly agrochemical inputs. Competition is one of the most important biotic interactions known to regulate populations and govern species assemblages. However, although theoretical and empirical work has been produced on competition, in situ experimental evidence is much scantier, mainly because of the difficulty of manipulating competition in the field. Arable weeds offer an outstanding opportunity to meet this challenge, because of the relative ease of in situ experimental manipulation and because of the urgent need to find sustainable weed management strategies. Here, we assess the importance of crop competition and two main conventional farming practices (N fertilizer and weed control) on weed species richness, abundance, and biomass. We set up an experiment with a design with two factors, presence/absence of crops and presence/absence of N fertilizer and weed control, in working farm fields with winter cereals as the target crop. We found that the crop competition reduced weed biomass production by almost 65%, as a result of the crop's competitive advantage from its greater ability to take up N, while the effect on weed species richness was less important. Our results also show that the effect of crop competition on the weed assemblage was much stronger than the effect of N fertilizer and weed control. The decrease in weed abundance and biomass mainly resulted from a strong effect of the crop on the dominant species, while the abundance of intermediate species tended to be much less affected, a result consistent with studies in grasslands where the removal of the dominant species provides a competitive release for subordinate ones. Our results further give experimental support for crop competition as a way to reduce costly agricultural inputs for weed control. Conducting experiments with farmers in their field is a valuable approach to generate knowledge for the future delivery of sustainable management.

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“…Many previous studies have shown how the manipulation of agronomic practices 64 (e.g. seed rate, crop cultivar and row spacing and direction) to improve the 65 competitiveness of the crop can help to control weeds (Sardana et al, 2017). Other studies 66 have suggested that grassland is more efficient than crops for weed suppression (Meiss et 67 al., 2010b; Schuster et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Weed regulation by crop and grassland competition: critical biomass level and persistence rate

Schuster¹,

Gastal²,

Doisy³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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241. It is widely agreed that competition regulates plant populations and shapes 25 communities. Many studies have suggested that crop and grassland competition 26 can be used for cost-effective sustainable weed control. However, effective weed 27 management requires a precise knowledge of the effects of agronomic practices 28 and there is a lack of quantitative indicators to compare and predict the success of 29 weed biocontrol by competition. 30 2. We studied weed abundance dynamics over a 12-year period in crop-grassland 31 rotations (rotation treatments consisted of maize, wheat and barley crops, 32 alternating with temporary grassland maintained for three or six years in the 33 rotation and fertilised with two different levels of nitrogen). In addition to 34 classical statistical analysis of the different aforementioned rotation treatments, 35 we also modelled weed abundance as a function of the crop and grassland 36 competition, expressed here by biomasses harvested in the preceding years. 37 3. We show that weed abundance decreases over the years in grassland and 38 subsequent crops only if the grassland receives sufficient nitrogen fertiliser. Our 39 model had a much greater explanatory power than the rotation treatments. This 40 model estimates a critical biomass level above which weeds are suppressed in 41 subsequent years, and below which they tend to thrive. This critical biomass level 42 was 24.3 and 4.7 tonnes ha -1 of dry matter for crops and grassland, respectively, 43 highlighting the greater competitiveness of grasslands than of crops. Several clear 44 differences between weed functional groups emerged. 45 4. Synthesis and applications -This new modelling approach directly links the 46 interannual dynamics of weed populations to current and previous biomass 47 production levels. This approach facilitates the development of environment-48 friendly weed management strategies and paves the way for comparisons of the 49 competitiveness against weeds of crops and grassland under various pedoclimatic 50 conditions and agronomic practices.51 52 Keywords: weed management, weed ecology, weed biocontrol, weed modelling, weed 53 population dynamics 54 55 Introduction 56Most food and feed production systems worldwide make use of synthetic 57 herbicides for weed management. In this context, herbicide use has resulted in serious 58 environmental and ecological problems (Boutin et al., 2014). Highly effective 59 environment-friendly alternatives to chemical weed control, such as the use of crop and 60 grassland competition with weeds, could potentially reconcile agricultural production and 61 environment quality and play a key role in ensure global food security in the future (Petit 62 et al., 2018; Gaba et al., 2018). 63Many previous studies have shown how the manipulation of agronomic practices 64 (e.g. seed rate, crop cultivar and row spacing and direction) to improve the 65 competitiveness of the crop can help to control weeds (Sardana et al., 2017). Other studies 66 have suggeste...

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Role of competition in managing weeds: An introduction to the special issue

Cited by 103 publications

References 93 publications

E Efficacy and Economics of Herbicidal Weed Management in Monsoon Rice of Bangladesh

E Efficacy and Economics of Herbicidal Weed Management in Monsoon Rice of Bangladesh

Crop competition in winter wheat has a higher potential than farming practices to regulate weeds

Weed regulation by crop and grassland competition: critical biomass level and persistence rate

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