Role of cyclin D1 immunoreactivity and AgNOR staining in the evaluation of benign and malignant lesions of the prostate

Abstract

Purpose:Prostatic carcinoma is a common and growing public health problem. Histological evaluation is fairly adequate for assessing tumor differentiation, but tumor proliferative activity is difficult to measure. Increasing evidence suggests that the factors controlling cell cycle progression also modulate the rate of ribosome biogenesis. Despite the influence of cyclin D1 and argyrophilic nuclear organizer region (AgNOR) on prostate cancer proliferation, few studies have evaluated the diagnostic importance of these markers. Therefore, the present study was carried out to analyze the diagnostic value of the proliferative markers cyclin D1 and AgNOR in various prostatic lesions and to determine whether any association or relation between these markers and different Gleason grades exists.Methods:A total 50 cases of various prostatic lesions were studied. Tumor grade, AgNOR staining, and cyclin D1 expression were evaluated in all cases. Correlations between the intensity and differential localization of these markers and Gleason grades were evaluated.Results:The mean AgNOR count in cases of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia was high compared with cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but lower than that of carcinoma cases. The intensity of cyclin D1 expression was high in carcinoma. A total of 14 cases (46.67%) showed strong positivity. No significant correlation was found between the intensity of cyclin D1 expression, AgNOR count, and histologic grades of prostatic carcinoma, whereas a significant correlation was observed between intensity and percentage expression of cyclin D1 in BPH and carcinoma (P<0.01). Nuclear as well as cytoplasmic positivity was seen among various grades of carcinoma.Conclusions:AgNOR count and cyclin D1 may be helpful in distinguishing between BPH and carcinoma of the prostate but may not be used as reliable indicators of the grade of prostatic adenocarcinoma because of overlapping values in various grades. However, further studies on larger samples are required to elucidate the role of these markers in identification of premalignant lesions.

Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 and Ki 67 in Premalignant and Malignant Prostatic Lesions.

“…Regarding PIN, eight cases (80%) showed positive Cyclin D1 expression. These results were close to previous studies by Gupta et al (2014) (1) and Anis et al (2013) (15) which reported positive nuclear Cyclin D1 expression in all studied PIN cases (100%).…”

“…In the present study, twenty three of the prostate cancer cases (92%) revealed positive nuclear staining for Cyclin D1. Nearly similar results were given by previous studies performed by Gupta et al (2014) (1) , Ozbek et al (2000) (10) , Ueda et al(2001) (13) and Anis et al (2013) (15) which reported positive nuclear Cyclin D1 expression ranging between 84.6% and 100%, but the results were in contrast with Kallakury et al(1997) (16) Shiraishi et al (1998) (17) and Drobnjak et al (2000) (18) which noticed positive nuclear Cyclin D1 expression in 22%, 30.3% and11% of their studied cases respectively. Different techniques and methods used for detection of Cyclin D1 in this study might explain the discrepancy in results.…”

“…These results were in harmony with a previous work performed by Comstock et al (2007) (14) that reported positive nuclear Cyclin D1 expression in 13% of all cases. On the other hand, other works reported higher percentage of positively stained cases as it was 53.8% in the study done by Ueda et al(2001) (13) and 72.2% in Gupta et al (2014) (1) . No significant association or correlation was found between the intensity of Cyclin D1 expression in prostate cancer cases and other clinicopathological factors as age of the patient, preoperative PSA and Gleason scoring of cancer prostate cases.…”

“…Prostatic diseases are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in men all over the world (1). In men older than 50 years, prostatic carcinoma represents the most common malignant tumor and is characterized by a highly variable clinical outcome (2).…”

Different associations of cryoprotectants for testicular tissue of prepubertal cats submitted to vitrification

“…This silver staining allows a quantitative analysis of NORs, which are related to protein synthesis, being increased in number according to cell activity. This tool has been used to detect proliferation of neoplastic cells (Gupta et al., ); however, it has also been validated to assess the proliferative potential of granulosa cells of non‐neoplastic ovarian follicles (Silva et al., ).…”