Role of Cytokines and Other Soluble Factors in Tumor Development: Rationale for New Therapeutic Strategies

Cavazzoni, Andrea; Digiacomo, Graziana

doi:10.3390/cells12212532

Cells

2023

DOI: 10.3390/cells12212532

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Role of Cytokines and Other Soluble Factors in Tumor Development: Rationale for New Therapeutic Strategies

Andrea Cavazzoni,

Graziana Digiacomo

Abstract: Many cytokines control tumor development by directly lowering cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptotic cell death, or indirectly by activating the antitumoral activity of specific immune cells such as NK or CD8+ T-lymphocytes [...]

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2024

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Cited by 3 publications

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Expression of Interleukin-8, Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-13 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biomarker Potentiality and Prognostic Significance

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Cytokines and soluble mediators as architects of tumor microenvironment reprogramming in cancer therapy

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Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Sriramulu,

Thoidingjam,

Speers

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and progesterone receptors (PRs). TNBC has the poorest prognosis among breast cancer subtypes and is more likely to respond to immunotherapy due to its higher expression of PD-L1 and a greater percentage of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Immunotherapy has revolutionized TNBC treatment, especially with the FDA’s approval of pembrolizumab (Keytruda) combined with chemotherapy for advanced cases, opening new avenues for treating this deadly disease. Although immunotherapy can significantly improve patient outcomes in a subset of patients, achieving the desired response rate for all remains an unmet clinical goal. Strategies that enhance responses to immune checkpoint blockade, including combining immunotherapy with chemotherapy, molecularly targeted therapy, or radiotherapy, may improve response rates and clinical outcomes. In this review, we provide a short background on TNBC and immunotherapy and explore the different types of immunotherapy strategies that are currently being evaluated in TNBC. Additionally, we review why combination strategies may be beneficial, provide an overview of the combination strategies, and discuss the novel immunotherapeutic opportunities that may be approved in the near future for TNBC.

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Role of Cytokines and Other Soluble Factors in Tumor Development: Rationale for New Therapeutic Strategies

Abstract: Many cytokines control tumor development by directly lowering cancer cell proliferation and inducing apoptotic cell death, or indirectly by activating the antitumoral activity of specific immune cells such as NK or CD8+ T-lymphocytes [...]

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Expression of Interleukin-8, Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-13 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biomarker Potentiality and Prognostic Significance

Expression of Interleukin-8, Interleukin-12 and Interleukin-13 in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biomarker Potentiality and Prognostic Significance

Cytokines and soluble mediators as architects of tumor microenvironment reprogramming in cancer therapy

Present and Future of Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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