Role of cytomegalovirus on the maturation and function of monocyte derived dendritic cells of liver transplant patients

Karimi, Mohammad; Shariat, Abdolhamid; Yaghobi, Ramin; Mokhtari‐Azad, Talat; Moazzeni, Seyed Mohammad

doi:10.5500/wjt.v6.i2.336

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Human cytomegalovirus infection can significantly increase morbidity and mortality rates among transplant patients. Depending on interrelated factors such as donor and recipient match, serological status, immunosuppressive drug regimes, the overall functionality of innate/acquired immunity system, and CMV viral factors, the incidence of CMV infection in such patients varies (6,7). It is estimated that 16-47% of all liver transplant patients develop CMV diseases (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Liver Transplant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation, Graft, and Patient Survival Rates in Iranian Population

Jamalidoust

Namayandeh

Pouladfar

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the major complication of viral infection in immunocompromised patients. This opportunistic infection is associated with high morbidity and mortality in transplanted recipients. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine CMV burden and assess the clinical outcome in the liver recipients with CMV reactivated infection at Nemazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This retrospective study examined 657 patients who underwent liver transplantation during 2014 - 2017 to identify the CMV infection, morbidity, and mortality rates. To this end, the medical records of such patients were reviewed, and their rejection/survival rates were analyzed. Accordingly, the CMV infection was diagnosed by Taq-Man real-time PCR assays. Results: In this study, 151 (23%) had CMV reactivation at least one year after liver transplantation. Viremic patients had a viral burden between 300 - 738790 copies/mL. In this study, 41 persons (6.2%) died, and 58 LT patients (8.8%) had rejection experience up to one year after their operation. Among the 41 dead patients, 21 and 20 cases were with and without CMV-reactivation, respectively. The results demonstrated that the mortality rate was significantly higher in the CMV-infected patients than the non-CMV-infected counterparts. In contrast, the graft survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusions: In the present study, CMV infection can serve as a significant mortality predictor in LT patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Liver Transplant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation, Graft, and Patient Survival Rates in Iranian Population

Jamalidoust

Namayandeh

Pouladfar

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…During early responses, HCMV triggers the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFα, chemokines, such as CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL11, as well as the TLR3-independent production of type I IFN by infected iDCs [67,[91][92][93]. Consistent with the HSV-mediated suppression of IL-12 production in the presence of LPS or CD40L by iDCs, also HCMV hampers the induction of IL-12 during DC activation [67,92]. In addition, HCMV encodes a multitude of chemokines/cytokines and chemokine/cytokine receptors itself, thereby hijacking the host's immune responses [94,95].…”

Section: Schematic Summary Of Hsv-and Hcmv-mediated Immune Evasion Stmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Human Herpesviruses Subvert Dendritic Cell Biology and Function

Popella¹,

Steinkasserer²

2021

Innate Immunity in Health and Disease

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In the last decades, a multitude of distinct herpesvirus-mediated immune evasion mechanisms targeting dendritic cell (DC) biology were uncovered. Within this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge how herpesviruses, especially the α-herpesviruses HSV-1, HSV-2, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and the β-herpesvirus HCMV, shape and exploit the function of myeloid DCs in order to hamper the induction of potent antiviral immune responses. In particular, the main topics covering herpesvirus-mediated immune evasion will involve: (i) the modulation of immature DC (iDC) phenotype, (ii) modulation of iDC apoptosis, (iii) the inhibition of DC maturation, (iv) degradation of the immune-modulatory molecule CD83 in mature DCs (mDCs), (v) interference with the negative regulator of β2 integrin activity, cytohesin-1 interaction partner (CYTIP), (vi) resulting in modulation of adhesion and migration of mDCs, (vii) autophagic degradation of lamins to support productive HSV-1 replication in iDCs, (viii) the release of uninfectious L-particles with immune-modulatory potential from HSV-1-infected mDCs, and (ix) the implications of DC subversion regarding T lymphocyte activation.

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“…Patients with end-stage liver disease should receive transplantation as definitive treatment. In liver transplant recipients, CMV is an infectious pathogen that frequently causes morbidity and mortality (9), particularly in the first trimester after transplantation when high-intensity immunosuppressive therapy is maintained (10). The most plausible explanation for the initiation of drug resistance among liver transplant patients infected with CMV might be the use of extremely high doses for treatment (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Duplication in 668 to 672 Sites of UL54 Gene in Cytomegalovirus Ganciclovir Resistant Liver Transplanted Patients

Jalilsani,

Yaghobi,

Geramizadeh

et al. 2023

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: In liver transplant recipients, human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a significant concern. Ganciclovir is the preferred medication for treating widespread CMV infections. In some cases, patients might require high doses of treatment for CMV infections that are resistant to ganciclovir, although liver transplant patients who have received extended ganciclovir and valganciclovir prophylaxis have reported infrequent cases of ganciclovir-resistant CMV infections. Mutations in the UL54 gene, responsible for encoding deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase, can result in resistance. Objectives: In this study, the focus was on UL54 mutations and their association with ganciclovir resistance. Methods: In this study, 23 liver transplant recipients who were admitted to the transplant departments of Namazi and Abu Ali Sina hospitals were examined. Cytomegalovirus infection was then confirmed in them using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The UL54 mutations were found after electrophoresis using the nested PCR method, and the PCR products were subsequently sequenced using the Sanger method. Sequence analysis and locating of UL54 mutations were performed using Finch software (version 1.4.0). Results: After sequencing 52 samples from 23 patients, 25 mutations in the UL54 gene were identified in 9 patients who were CMV-infected, occurring at a median of 32 days after transplant. These mutations, including S655L (10/9, 40%), N685S (8/9, 32%), F669L (4/9, 16%), A688V (2/9, 8%), and the novel AK124703.1: p.V668-G672dup (1/9, 4%), were detected in 9 liver transplant recipients over a median period of 2 years in the UL54 gene. Furthermore, a phylogenetic analysis was conducted to investigate the origins of these mutations in CMV isolated from the Iranian population. Conclusions: Considering that treatment with the drug ganciclovir has led to resistance mutations, particularly the new AK124703.1:p.V668-G672dup mutation, and inefficiency in treatment, it is necessary to determine drug-resistant CMV strains and closely monitor these patients. This includes determining viral load, assessing response to treatment, and identifying non-response at regular intervals until the viral load is completely eradicated in order to ensure the effectiveness of the treatment.

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Role of cytomegalovirus on the maturation and function of monocyte derived dendritic cells of liver transplant patients

Cited by 6 publications

References 39 publications

Post-Liver Transplant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation, Graft, and Patient Survival Rates in Iranian Population

Post-Liver Transplant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Reactivation, Graft, and Patient Survival Rates in Iranian Population

How Human Herpesviruses Subvert Dendritic Cell Biology and Function

A New Duplication in 668 to 672 Sites of UL54 Gene in Cytomegalovirus Ganciclovir Resistant Liver Transplanted Patients

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