Role of Diet and Nutrients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Incidence on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Viral Production

Brahmi, Fatiha; Véjux, Anne; Ghzaiel, Imen; Ksila, Mohamed; Zarrouk, Amira; Ghrairi, Taoufik; Essadek, Soukena; Mandard, Stéphane; Leoni, Valerio; Poli, Giuseppe; Vervandier‐Fasseur, Dominique; Kharoubi, Omar; Midaoui, Adil El; Atanasov, Atanas G.; Meziane, Smail; Latruffe, Norbert; Nasser, Boubker; Bouhaouala‐Zahar, Balkiss; Masmoudi-Kouki, Olfa; Madani, Khodir; Boulekbache‐Makhlouf, Lila; Lizard, Gérard

doi:10.3390/nu14112194

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 169 publications

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“…Arginine serves as the vital substrate for synthesizing nitric oxide by macrophages and endows them with pro-inflammatory and microbicidal properties ( 25 ). As for glutamine, this amino acid is used as an energy source for the immune cells similar to glucose ( 26 ).…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore ensuring that the intake of peptides is optimised may improve respiratory function, symptoms, and fatigue in SARS-COV-2 patients ( 40 ). Support for this recommendation is shown by impaired immunity with protein-deficient diets, which would increase the risk of COVID-19 infection ( 26 ) ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This results in inhibiting signals that activate NF-kB, producing fewer pro-inflammatory mediators, and finally, reducing complications of SARS-COV-2 infection ( 33 , 38 ). Another mechanism by which Omega-3 fatty acids reduce inflammation levels is via the inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis, expression of adhesion molecules, and interaction between leukocytes and endothelial ( 26 , 40 ). They also have antiviral effects through the inhibition of influenza virus replication.…”

Section: Lipidmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review

Mardi,

Kamran,

Pourfarzi

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) may cause inflammation and increased cytokine secretion. Dietary factors may play an important role in enhancing the immune responses against infectious diseases such as SARS-COV-2. This narrative review aims to determine the effectiveness of macronutrients and probiotics to improve immunity in SARS-COV-2 patients. Dietary proteins may boost pulmonary function in SARS-COV-2 patients through inhibitory effects on the Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and reduce Angiotensin (ANG-II). Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids may improve oxygenation, acidosis, and renal function. Dietary fiber may also produce anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the level of high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Interleukin (IL-6), and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). In addition, some evidence indicates that probiotics significantly improve oxygen saturation which may enhance survival rate. In conclusion, the consumption of a healthy diet including adequate macronutrients and probiotic intake may decrease inflammation and oxidative stress. Following this dietary practice is likely to strengthen the immune system and have beneficial effects against SARS-COV-2.

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Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lipidmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review

Mardi,

Kamran,

Pourfarzi

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Different types of natural products and herbal components have been examined for their potential use against SARS-CoV-2 [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. These include scutellarein, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, saikosaponin B2, silvestrol, tryptanthrin, psoralidin, lectins such as griffithsin, isobavachalcone, and steroids [ 16 , 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobran/MGN-3, an Arabinoxylan Rice Bran, Protects against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An In Vitro and In Silico Study

2023

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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), poses a serious global public health threat for which there is currently no satisfactory treatment. This study examines the efficacy of Biobran/MGN-3 against SARS-CoV-2. Biobran is an arabinoxylan rice bran that has been shown to significantly inhibit the related influenza virus in geriatric subjects. Here, Biobran’s anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was assessed using MTT and plaque reduction assays, RT-PCR, ELISA techniques, and measurements of SARS-CoV-2-related gene expression and protein levels. For Vero E6 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, Biobran reduced the viral load by 91.9% at a dose of 100 μg/mL, it reduced viral counts (PFU/mL) by 90.6% at 50 μg/mL, and it exhibited a significant selectivity index (EC50/IC50) of 22.5. In addition, Biobran at 10 μg/mL inhibited papain-like proteinase (PLpro) by 87% and ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 S-protein RBD by 90.5%, and it significantly suppressed SARS-CoV-2 gene expression, down-regulating E-gene and RdRp gene expression by 93% each at a dose of 50 μg/mL and inhibiting the E-protein by 91.3%. An in silico docking study was also performed to examine the protein–protein interaction (PPI) between SARS-CoV-2 RBD and DC-SIGN as well as between serine carboxypeptidase and papain-like protease PLpro. Serine carboxypeptidase, an active ingredient in Biobran, was found to interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to its receptor DC-SIGN on Vero cells, thus preventing the cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, it impairs the viral replication cycle by binding to PLpro. We conclude that Biobran possesses potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and suggest that Biobran may be able to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. This warrants further investigation in clinical trials.

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“…This makes polyphenols a good antiseptic to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 15 O. basilicum contains several polyphenols such as apigenin-7-glucuronide, dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside, and aesculetin. To investigate the antiviral activity of the three polyphenolic compounds, a molecular docking approach can be used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico Study of Antiviral Activity of Polyphenol Compounds from Ocimum basilicum by Molecular Docking, ADMET, and Drug-Likeness Analysis

Kurnia¹,

Putri²,

Tumilaar³

et al. 2023

AABC

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus is a disease that has mild to severe effects on patients, which can even lead to death. One of the enzymes that act as DNA replication is the main protease, which becomes the main target in the inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In finding effective drugs against this virus, Ocimum basilicum is a potential herbal plant because it has been tested to have high phytochemical content and bioactivity. Apigenin-7-glucuronide, dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside, and aesculetin are polyphenolic compounds found in Ocimum basilicum. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the mechanism of inhibition of the three polyphenolic compounds in Ocimum basilicum against the main protease and to predict pharmacokinetic activity and the drug-likeness of a compound using the Lipinski Rule of Five. Patients and Methods: The method used is to predict the molecular docking inhibition mechanism using Autodock 4.0 tools and use pkcsm and protox online web server to analyze ADMET and Drug-likeness. Results:The binding affinity for apigenin-7-glucuronide was −8.77 Kcal/mol, dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside was −8.96 Kcal/mol, and aesculetin was −5.79 Kcal/mol. Then, the inhibition constant values were 375.81 nM, 270.09 nM, and 57.11 µM, respectively. Apigenin-7-glucuronide and dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside bind to the main protease enzymes on the active sites of CYS145 and HIS41, while aesculetin only binds to the active sites of CYS145. On ADMET analysis, these three compounds met the predicted pharmacokinetic parameters, although there are some specific parameters that must be considered especially for aesculetin compounds. Meanwhile, on drug-likeness analysis, apigenin-7-glucuronide and dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside compounds have one violation and aesculetin have no violation. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained, Apigenin-7-glucuronide and dihydrokaempferol-3-glucoside are compounds that have more potential to have an antiviral effect on the main protease enzyme than aesculetin. Based on pharmacokinetic parameters and druglikeness, three compounds can be used as lead compounds for further research.

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Role of Diet and Nutrients in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Incidence on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Status and Viral Production

Cited by 15 publications

References 169 publications

Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review

Potential of macronutrients and probiotics to boost immunity in patients with SARS-COV-2: a narrative review

Biobran/MGN-3, an Arabinoxylan Rice Bran, Protects against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): An In Vitro and In Silico Study

In silico Study of Antiviral Activity of Polyphenol Compounds from Ocimum basilicum by Molecular Docking, ADMET, and Drug-Likeness Analysis

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