Role of dietary proteins and peptides in cardiovascular disease

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death for both men and women in the United States and most other countries. Therefore, a disease of such wide-ranging impact calls for the development of multiple viable strategies for prevention. Diet plays an important role in the development of the major risk factors of CVD such as low-grade systemic inflammation, hypertension, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, the most significant. Thus, diet-based methods of prevention would not only be more feasible, but ultimately more cost-effective than relying on drugs to combat this condition. In recent years, peptides derived from either animal or plant sources have been found to have various bioactive properties. Nevertheless, their potential impact on inflammation and prevention of atherosclerosis has not been fully explored, particularly at the molecular level. In this review, the most current scientific information from in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on the role of dietary proteins and peptides on CVD has been summarized and discussed.

Whey and Casein Proteins and Medium-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids from Milk Do Not Increase Low-Grade Inflammation in Abdominally Obese Adults

“…Whey protein contains several proteins to which antiinflammatory properties are attributed (e.g. lactoferrin, β-lactoglobulin, and α-lactalbumin) in vitro and in animal studies [20,32,33]. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis found that a whey supplement of 20 g/day or more significantly lowered CRP in human adults [34].…”

“…However, this has yet to be investigated [20,21]. Interestingly, it is observed that an enteral nutrition formula containing whey protein resulted in a lower IL-6 level in ischemic stroke patients when compared with a formula containing casein [22].…”

Whey and Casein Proteins and Medium-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids from Milk Do Not Increase Low-Grade Inflammation in Abdominally Obese Adults

“…Also, the result needs to be repeated in a larger studies [20,32,33]. Furthermore, a recent meta-analysis found that a whey supplement 335 of 20 g/day or more significantly lowered CRP in human adults [34].…”

“…However, this has yet to be investigated [20,21]. Interestingly, it is 60 observed that an enteral nutrition formula containing whey protein resulted in a lower IL-61 6 level in ischemic stroke patients when compared with a formula containing casein [22].…”

Viability of the microencapsulation of a casein hydrolysate in lipid microparticles of cupuacu butter and stearic acid

“…Several health benefits have been attributed to these hydrolysates: e.g., blood pressure-lowering and cholesterol-lowering abilities, antimicrobial actions, antithrombotic effects and the enhancement of mineral absorption, cyto-or immuno-modulatory effects, and opioid activities (Agyei & Danquah, 2012;Cam & de Mejia, 2012;Korhonen, 2009;Lopez Exposito & Recio, 2006;Gauthier, Pouliot, & Saint-Sauveur, 2006;Mikkelsen, Rasmussen, Olsen, Barkholt, & Frokiaer, 2006;Pan et al, 2006;Mercier, Gauthier, & Fliss, 2004;Clemente, 2000;Hartmann & Meisel, 2007). Another important use of bioactive peptides is in support of the specific clinical needs of patients with phenylketonuria, acute and chronic liver disease, Crohn´s disease, pancreatiCopyright ©2013 ISEKI-Food Association (IFA) 10.7455/ijfs/2.1.2013.a4 tis and ulcerative colitis (Almeida & Souto, 2007;Clemente, 2000).…”