Role of distinct dimorphic transitions in territory colonizing and formation of yeast colony architecture

Vopálenská, Irena; Šťovíček, Vratislav; Janderová, B.; Váchová, Libuše; Palková, Zdena

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.02067.x

Cited by 42 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Flo11p-GFP strains containing the FLO11 gene fused with the GFP gene in their genome were constructed via previously described procedure (Gauss et al, 2005;Vopalenska et al, 2010), which enables the introduction of the GFP gene behind the FLO11 signal sequence so that both the secretion sequence and C-terminus (important for GPI-anchor tagging) are preserved. Gene deletions and artificial promoter (P CUP1 ) insertions were performed by transforming the cells with DNA cassettes generated by PCR using the primers and plasmids listed in Suppl.…”

Section: Construction Of the Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General factors important for the formation of structured biofilm-like yeast colonies

Šťovíček

Váchová

Kuthan

et al. 2010

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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Section: Construction Of the Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

General factors important for the formation of structured biofilm-like yeast colonies

Šťovíček

Váchová

Kuthan

et al. 2010

Fungal Genetics and Biology

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“…Ammonia as a trigger for the dimorphic switch. Remarkably, two microcolonies that grow in close proximity undergo the dimorphic switch along their opposing faces (67). As a result, pseudohyphae grow from each colony toward the other, and eventually the two colonies link together.…”

Section: (Iv) Cell-cell Signals: Different Signals For Different Commmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, pseudohyphae grow from each colony toward the other, and eventually the two colonies link together. This coordinated dimorphic transition requires ammonium signals; in addition, ammonium may actually inhibit the dimorphic switch in older colonies (67). Thus, ammonium can inhibit apoptosis and stimulate or inhibit the dimorphic switch, depending on the concentration of ammonium and the stage of colony development.…”

Section: (Iv) Cell-cell Signals: Different Signals For Different Commmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Signals, Cell Contacts, and the Organization of Yeast Communities

Honigberg

2011

Eukaryot Cell

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Even relatively simple species have evolved mechanisms to organize individual organisms into communities, such that the fitness of the group is greater than the fitness of isolated individuals. Within the fungal kingdom, the ability of many yeast species to organize into communities is crucial for their growth and survival, and this property has important impacts both on the economy and on human health. Over the last few years, studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have revealed several fundamental properties of yeast communities. First, strainto-strain variation in the structures of these groups is attributable in part to variability in the expression and functions of adhesin proteins. Second, the extracellular matrix surrounding these communities can protect them from environmental stress and may also be important in cell signaling. Finally, diffusible signals between cells contribute to community organization so that different regions of a community express different genes and adopt different cell fates. These findings provide an arena in which to view fundamental mechanisms by which contacts and signals between individual organisms allow them to assemble into functional communities.In many species, including our own, individual organisms assemble into communities to increase their overall fitness. Even in unicellular organisms like Saccharomyces cerevisiae, individual cells can organize themselves into a variety of types of multicellular aggregates. These biotic communities likely provide overall benefit to these yeast populations, for example by protecting organisms in the core of the structure from environmental stresses or by specializing functions to subpopulations within the community. Yeast communities also have broad relevance to human health and to industry. For example, biofilms formed by pathogenic yeasts on medical devices, such as catheters, are a major cause of the very high mortality rates of hospital-acquired fungal infections (reviewed in references 11, 43, and 44). Furthermore, surface film communities formed on food by spoilage yeasts may result in losses of billions of dollars annually (reviewed in reference 58). Yet the mechanisms underlying the organization of these communities are still poorly understood.In the first section of this paper, I review types of yeast communities, focusing on the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and briefly discuss broader aspects of two processes fundamental to yeast communities: cell-cell signaling and cell adhesion. In the second section, I discuss four aspects of yeast community organization highlighted by recent publications: boundary formation, cell adhesion, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and diffusible cell-cell signals. Much of this recent progress has focused on the cytological structures of these communities and on the identification of several genetic pathways required for this organization. BACKGROUND. (I) THE MULTIFARIOUSYEAST COMMUNITY

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“…Although most laboratory strains produce relatively unstructured "smooth" colonies, some natural isolates of S. cerevisiae produce colonies with complex multicellular features, such as folds, crevices, and channels that form as the colony grows on solid media (20,21). These "fluffy" colonies possess properties similar to those of microbial biofilms, including the secretion and maintenance of an extracellular matrix (21)(22)(23), localized expression of drug efflux pumps (23), increased adherence (24), and the use of cell-cell communication (25). Fluffy colony formation requires the function and coordination of numerous pathways that underlie the trait, and the deletion of key factors produces a smooth colony phenotype (26)(27)(28).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Aneuploidy underlies a multicellular phenotypic switch

Tan

Hays

Cromie

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

106

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Although microorganisms are traditionally used to investigate unicellular processes, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has the ability to form colonies with highly complex, multicellular structures. Colonies with the "fluffy" morphology have properties reminiscent of bacterial biofilms and are easily distinguished from the "smooth" colonies typically formed by laboratory strains. We have identified strains that are able to reversibly toggle between the fluffy and smooth colony-forming states. Using a combination of flow cytometry and high-throughput restriction-site associated DNA tag sequencing, we show that this switch is correlated with a change in chromosomal copy number. Furthermore, the gain of a single chromosome is sufficient to switch a strain from the fluffy to the smooth state, and its subsequent loss to revert the strain back to the fluffy state. Because copy number imbalance of six of the 16 S. cerevisiae chromosomes and even a single gene can modulate the switch, our results support the hypothesis that the state switch is produced by dosage-sensitive genes, rather than a general response to altered DNA content. These findings add a complex, multicellular phenotype to the list of molecular and cellular traits known to be altered by aneuploidy and suggest that chromosome missegregation can provide a quick, heritable, and reversible mechanism by which organisms can toggle between phenotypes. colony morphology | copy number variation | phenotypic switching | bet-hedging

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Role of distinct dimorphic transitions in territory colonizing and formation of yeast colony architecture

Cited by 42 publications

References 37 publications

General factors important for the formation of structured biofilm-like yeast colonies

General factors important for the formation of structured biofilm-like yeast colonies

Cell Signals, Cell Contacts, and the Organization of Yeast Communities

Aneuploidy underlies a multicellular phenotypic switch

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