Role of endothelin in chronic renal failure--developments in renal involvement

Abstract

Endothelin (ET)-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor with profibrotic and proinflammatory effects. Increasing evidence suggests that ET-1 and its cognate receptors are involved in a variety of progressive renal disorders, including diabetes, hypertension and glomerulonephritis. Several laboratory studies have demonstrated elevated expression of ET-1, which colocalizes with glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, in addition to enhanced urinary excretion. Moreover, ET-1 expression correlates with disease severity and renal function. With the availability of ET receptor antagonists, a pathogenetic role has been further corroborated in animal models, demonstrating both structural and functional improvement. Thus, antagonizing the ET system may be useful in major renal pathologies associated with glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage.

Ethanol extracts of Rehmannia complex (Di Huang) containing no Corni fructus improve early diabetic nephropathy by combining suppression on the ET-ROS axis with modulate hypoglycemic effect in rats

“…ET-1 is involved in pulmonary hypertension (Zhang et al, 2005a(Zhang et al, , 2005b and cardiac failure (Wang et al, 2004) and upregulation of the ET pathway has been found in various renal disorders (Ohshiro et al, 2006;Richter, 2006;Dhaun et al, 2007). An over-activation of the ET A receptor subtype is consistent with findings in diabetic patients or animal models (Sugimoto et al, 2002).…”

Management of hypertension in chronic kidney disease

“…These factors include endothelins, oxidative stressors, and inflammatory mediators. [24][25][26] Endothelins, such as ET-1, are vasoconstrictors that can also elicit inflammatory and fibrotic effects. 24 Oxidative stressors include reactive oxygen species, which promote vasoconstriction, the release of renin, and increased urinary protein excretion.…”

“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] Furthermore, impaired kidney function might amplify the adverse effects on blood pressure that can be elicited by various prescription and over-the-counter medications, such as NSAIDs. 28 In this Review we address the necessity of frequent and accurate blood pressure monitoring in patients with CKD, the current recommendations regarding blood pressure target levels, and the rationale behind these recommendations.…”

Microarray analysis of multiple candidate genes and associated plasma proteins for nephropathy secondary to type 2 diabetes among Chinese individuals

“…Taken together, genetic variation in NOX4 might be associated with differential oxidative burden, thereby modulating diabetic nephropathy susceptibility. Endothelin-1, the predominant isoform in cardiovascular and renal systems, is the most powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor with profibrotic and proinflammatory effects [25]. It has been found to affect three pivotal aspects of renal physiology: (1) vascular and mesangial tone; (2) sodium and water excretion; and (3) cell proliferation and matrix formation [26].…”