Role of Endothelin in the Circulatory Changes Associated with Small Bowel Strangulation Obstruction in Pigs: Effects of the Endothelin Receptor Antagonist Bosentan

Lactate and Glycerol Released to the Intestinal Lumen Reflect Mucosal Injury and Permeability Changes Caused by Strangulation Obstruction

“…This finding may at least partly be explained by the redistribution of blood flow towards the mucosa noted in the present experiments and in similar experiments reported by Fevang et al [19] . These observations most likely reflect autoregulatory mechanisms reported to be present both in the cat small intestine and in the dog colon [27,28] , but it is noteworthy that they are intact also during strangulation obstruction and may be important for tissue protection in this situation.…”

“…Although such models may provide information particularly on morphologic injury and other events during the strangulation period itself, their suitability for study of the reperfusion period after release of the strangulation is obviously limited. This concern was met in a model focusing on compensatory circulatory mechanisms in the intestinal wall during strangulation obstruction recently reported by Fevang et al [18][19][20] . In the present study, focusing on the reperfusion period after release of strangulation obstruction, a modification of this model was used.…”

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“…Twenty milligrams of Bosentan was dissolved in 20 ml distilled water and added to 20 ml saline to a total of 40 ml and diluated to obtain 1 mg Bosentan sodium in 2 ml. Dose selection was based on the results of previous studies [6,8]…”

“…In addition to this effect, they play roles in water and electrolyte balance, regulation on the release of certain hormones, cell proliferation and vascular permeability [4,5]. Increased local endothelin has been shown to be the cause of increased vascular resistance in experimental strangulated small bowel obstruction model [6]. Three types of endothelin receptors, ET A , ET B , and ET C have been identified.…”

“…Bosentan (Ro 47-0203) is a competitive antagonist of both ET A and ET B . It has been shown that Bosentan inhibited the increase in vascular resistance in strangulated small bowel [6]. Although the exact cause of intra-abdominal adhesion formation is unknown, ischemia is the most frequently implicated factor [7].…”