Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

Lucidi, Alessandro; Buca, D.; Ronsini, Carlo; Tinari, Sara; Bologna, Giuseppina; Leombroni, Martina; Liberati, Marco; D’Antonio, F.; Scambia, Giovanni; Lanuti, Paola; Petrillo, Marco

doi:10.3390/ijms21228762

Cited by 39 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The four most common subtypes of EOCs are serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and mucous carcinoma ( 2 ). EOC is diagnosed with advanced disease in ~70% of the patients ( 4 ). Although debulking surgery combined with neoadjuvant or adjuvant platinum- or purple gold-based chemotherapy has become the standard treatment approach for patients with advanced EOC, survival rates for advanced ovarian cancer are still low, patients who are classified as stage III and IV under the Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) have the 5-year survival rates of only 42 and 26%, respectively ( 3 , 5 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Nomogram to Predict Early Death in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

et al. 2021

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Background: Ovarian cancer is a common gynecological malignancy, most of which is epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Advanced EOC is linked with a higher incidence of premature death. To date, no effective prognostic tools are available to evaluate the possibility of early death in patients with advanced EOC.Methods: Advanced (FIGO stage III and IV) EOC patients who were enrolled in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2004 and 2015 were regarded as subjects and studied. We aimed to construct a nomogram that can deliver early death prognosis in patients with advanced EOC by identifying crucial independent factors using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to help deliver accurate prognoses.Results: In total, 13,403 patients with advanced EOC were included in this study. Three hundred ninety-seven out of a total of 9,379 FIGO stage III patients died early. There were 4,024 patients with FIGO stage IV, 414 of whom died early. Nomograms based on independent prognostic factors have the satisfactory predictive capability and clinical pragmatism. The internal validation feature of the nomogram demonstrated a high level of accuracy of the predicted death.Conclusions: By analyzing data from a large cohort, a clinically convenient nomogram was established to predict premature death in advanced EOC. This tool can aid clinicians in screening patients who are at higher risk for tailoring treatment plans.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Practical Nomogram to Predict Early Death in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

et al. 2021

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“…Several studies reported that miRNAs could be transferred between cells via EVs [ 6 , 7 , 21 ]; thus, we wondered whether PC3-derived EVs could transfer miRNA Let-7b to THP-1 cells. We exposed THP-1 monocytic cells, after TPA differentiation into M0 macrophages, to 100 μg/mL PC3-EVs for different times and observed the appearance of red fluorescent EV-like particles in the cytoplasm after 30 min incubation ( Figure 3 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, prostatic fluid contains extracellular vesicle (EVs), historically known as prostasomes, which are released into the lumen of the prostatic ductal system from the epithelial cells of the gland [ 4 ]. A growing body of evidence indicates that cell-cell communication between cancer cells and other cells of the tumor microenvironment is pivotal for cancer progression [ 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Among the communication systems, prostate-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) have received particular attention for their involvement in the initiation, progression and metastasis of prostate cancer [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Transfer of miRNA Let-7b from PC3 Cells to Macrophages

Costanzi

Romani

Scarpelli

et al. 2020

Genes

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Prostate-derived extracellular vesicles (pEVs) may represent a way to selectively transport cargo molecules from the producing cells to the target cells to allow biological events, both in physiological and pathological circumstances. pEVs cargo participates in the modulation of the inflammatory responses in physiological conditions and during cancer progression. In the present study, we examined the expression levels of miRNA Let-7b, in both precursor and mature forms, in noncancerous and cancerous prostate cell lines, PNT2 and PC3 respectively, and in their extracellular vesicles (EVs) using reverse-transcription quantitative PCR strategies. We showed that miRNA Let-7b was highly expressed in noncancerous cells and strongly decreased in cancerous PC3 cells, while the opposite was observed in the respective EVs, thus supporting the tumor suppressor role of miRNA Let7-b. We also demonstrated that miRNA Let-7b can be transferred to THP-1 cells via EVs, which are known to induce TAM-like polarization. Our results support the view that miRNA Let-7 b, contained in PC3-derived EVs, is associated with the increase in the miRNA Let7-b observed in TAM-like macrophages. Overall, our results indicate that circulating EV-loaded miRNA might be useful biomarkers for prostate cancer progression and might also support a possible use of pEVs as targets for prostate cancer therapy.

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“…Exosomes from ovarian cancer cells can activate Toll Like Receptor (TLR) signaling in monocytes leading to IL-6 production. Activation of STAT3 by IL-6 contributes to the immunosuppressive phenotype of the tumor microenvironment [ 64 ]. At the interface between the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that can present antigen while providing costimulatory signals to antigen-specific T cells.…”

Section: Evs In Ovarian Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role and Clinical Interest of Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy and Ovarian Cancer

et al. 2021

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Ovarian cancer and pregnancy are two states in which the host immune system is exposed to novel antigens. Indeed, both the tumor and placenta must invade tissues, remodel vasculature to establish a robust blood supply, and evade detection by the immune system. Interestingly, tumor and placenta tissue use similar mechanisms to induce these necessary changes. One mediator is emerging as a key player in invasion, vascular remodeling, and immune evasion: extracellular vesicles (EVs). Many studies have identified EVs as a key mediator of cell-to-cell communication. Specifically, the cargo carried by EVs, which includes proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, can interact with cells to induce changes in the target cell ranging from gene expression to migration and metabolism. EVs can promote cell division and tissue invasion, immunosuppression, and angiogenesis which are essential for both cancer and pregnancy. In this review, we examine the role of EVs in ovarian cancer metastasis, chemoresistance, and immune modulation. We then focus on the role of EVs in pregnancy with special attention on the vascular remodeling and regulation of the maternal immune system. Lastly, we discuss the clinical utility of EVs as markers and therapeutics for ovarian cancer and pre-eclampsia.

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Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cited by 39 publications

References 98 publications

A Practical Nomogram to Predict Early Death in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

A Practical Nomogram to Predict Early Death in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Extracellular Vesicles-Mediated Transfer of miRNA Let-7b from PC3 Cells to Macrophages

The Role and Clinical Interest of Extracellular Vesicles in Pregnancy and Ovarian Cancer

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