Role of fetal MRI in the evaluation of isolated and non‐isolated corpus callosum dysgenesis: results of a cross‐sectional study

Manganaro, Lucia; Bernardo, Silvia; Vito, Corrado De; Antonelli, Amanda; Marchionni, Enrica; Vinci, Valeria; Saldari, Matteo; Meglio, Letizia Di; Giancotti, Antonella; Silvestri, Evelina; Catalano, Carlo; Pizzuti, Antonio

doi:10.1002/pd.4990

Cited by 22 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging has the advantage, compared to US, for better evaluation of the corpus callosum itself rather than relying on indirect signs 36 . It is also more sensitive to evaluate other intracranial abnormalities, 37,38 including migration disorders, 39,40 delayed or abnormal sulcation, 37,41 and prior infectious 42 or metabolic 43 insults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to consider that the corpus callosum continues to develop between 8 and 20 weeks' gestation 52 and grows in a bidirectional manner 53,54 . These factors contribute to the accuracy of diagnosing callosal agenesis at an earlier gestational age than callosal hypoplasia 41 . Our study was limited by the few cases of pACC that had prenatal MRI; however, 2 pACC cases that were not recognized prospectively were on fetal MRIs performed at gestational ages of 18 weeks 1 day and 24 weeks, whereas the diagnosis was made on the other 3 fetal MRI examinations done at 22 to 28 weeks (online supplemental Appendix 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses

Ghassemi

Rupe

Perez

et al. 2020

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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Objectives-We hypothesized that: (1) fetal frontal horn (FH) morphology and their proximity to the cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) can assist in suspecting complete agenesis of the corpus callosum (cACC) and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum (pACC) earlier than known indirect ultrasound (US) findings; (2) FHs assist in differentiating a true CSP from a pseudocavum; and (3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in learning FH morphology and pseudocavum etiology. Methods-Thirty-two patients with cACC and 9 with pACC were identified on an Institutional Review Board-approved retrospective review. Of the 41 cases, 40 had prenatal US, and 21 had prenatal MRI; 17 had follow-up neonatal US, and 14 had follow-up neonatal MRI. Variables evaluated retrospectively were the presence of a CSP or a pseudocavum, ventricle size and shape, and FH shape (comma, trident, parallel, golf club, enlarged, or fused). Displacement between the inferior edge of the FH and the midline or cavum/pseudocavum was measured. Results-Fetal FHs had an abnormal shape in 77% ≤20 weeks' gestation, 86% ≤24 weeks, and 90% >24 weeks. Frontal horns were laterally displaced greater than 2 mm in 85% ≤20 weeks, 91% ≤24 weeks, and 95% >24 weeks. The CSP was absent in 100% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases, and a pseudocavum was present in 88% of cACC cases and 78% of pACC cases across gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed US pseudocavums to be focal interhemispheric fluid or an elevated/dilated third ventricle. Conclusions-Frontal horns assist in assessing ACC ≤24 weeks and throughout gestation. Pseudocavums, often simulating CSPs, are common in ACC. Frontal horn lateral displacement and abnormal morphology, recognized by MRI correlations, are helpful in differentiating a pseudocavum from a true CSP. A normal CSP should not be cleared on screening US unless normally shaped FHs are seen directly adjacent to it. Key Words-agenesis of the corpus callosum; cavum septi pellucidi; fetus; frontal horns; ventriculomegaly A genesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is defined as complete or partial absence of the large commissure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Development

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses

Ghassemi

Rupe

Perez

et al. 2020

J of Ultrasound Medicine

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“…The most represented cortical defect was polymicrogyria, and the risk of cortical dysplasia was seven times greater in CACC than PACC and DCC. They recommended fetal MRI in suspicion of CA to differentiate isolated CA from non‐isolated forms . Sotiris et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Manganaro et al . suggested performing MRI within 26–27 weeks, to evaluate the cortical process better . Also, Malinger et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of neurosonography for evaluation of the corpus callosum malformations in the era of fetal magnetic resonance imaging

Türkyilmaz

Sivrikoz

Erturk

et al. 2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim:We evaluated the ability of fetal neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to asses callosal anomalies (CA) and associated cranial malformations. We also aimed to determine the long-term prognosis of the cases. Methods: Thirty-six cases of CA diagnosed combined with neurosonography and MRI between January 2012 and October 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Seventeen of 36 fetuses were diagnosed complete agenesis of corpus callosum (CACC) (47.2%), 9 had partial agenesis of corpus callosum (PACC) (25%) and 10 was dysgenesis of the corpus callosum (DCC) (27.2%) at ultrasonography (US) examination. Fetal MRI reported 16 of cases as CACC (44.4%), 11 PACC (30.5%) and nine (25%) DCC. The overall consistency between neurosonography and MRI in the definition of CA were 91% of cases. Sulcation anomalies were present in 9 cases in the US (25%) and 11 cases in MRI (30.4%). Seven of cases showed posterior fossa abnormalities in the US (19.4%) and eight cases in MRI (22.1%). Neonatal MRI added new findings to fetal MRI and neurosonography including grade-1 intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in two cases (12.5%). Eighteen cases were terminated (50%), 17 cases were followed up and mean follow up interval was 39 AE 5.1 months. The neurologic outcome was abnormal in seven (41.7%) patients. Presence of associated brain anomalies worsened the prognosis. Conclusion: Fetal neurosonography has a comparable performance with MRI in the diagnosis of CA and associated anomalies. It should be used in collaboration with MRI to achieve accurate diagnosis which is crucial for counseling.

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“…Fetal MRI is mandatory in candidates for fetal surgery. This is done to characterize brain changes and rule out supra‐tentorial or other abnormalities, that preclude fetal repair . It also visualizes the up‐ and downstream neurologic impact of spina bifida .…”

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confidence: 99%

The use of MRI in fetal conditions amenable for antenatal management

Prayer

Deprest

2020

Prenatal Diagnosis

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Role of fetal MRI in the evaluation of isolated and non‐isolated corpus callosum dysgenesis: results of a cross‐sectional study

Cited by 22 publications

References 29 publications

Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses

Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in Fetuses

Utilization of neurosonography for evaluation of the corpus callosum malformations in the era of fetal magnetic resonance imaging

The use of MRI in fetal conditions amenable for antenatal management

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