Role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Breast Cancer Screening

Abstract

BACKGROUND A cross sectional study for screening of carcinoma breast was done on pregnant women attending gynaecology and surgery OPD at District Hospital Samba, Jammu. All women with sign and symptoms of breast disease who attended the Gynaecology and Surgery OPD from March 2015 to March 2017 were included in the study. MATERIALS AND METHODSClinical examination was done by gynaecologist and surgeon. Fine needle aspiration was done by pathologist and was reported by consultant pathologist. Histopathology reports of these patients where available were also correlated. RESULTSThe age of the patients ranged from 7 years to 88 years, maximum number of cases were seen in the age group of 21-30 years, followed by of 31-40 years. Clinical presentation of patients was with lump breast, diffuse swelling, nipple discharge, mastalgia, retracted nipple, axillary lymph node, skin manifestation. Fine needle aspiration diagnosis: maximum number of cases were of benign lesions (74.2%) followed by 12.4 % inflammatory cases and 10.06% cases of carcinoma. Among the benign diagnosis, Fibroadenoma (20.06%) was the most common. CONCLUSIONThat means fine needle aspiration can fairly distinguish inflammatory, benign and malignant lesions of breast. Therefore fine needle aspiration can be used for mass screening of population for carcinoma breast. KEY WORDSCarcinoma, Breast, FNAC, Cytology, Screening. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Rana M, Atri SK, Bhagat S, et al. Role of fine needle aspiration cytology in breast cancer screening. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2019;8(08):522-526, DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2019/115 BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the breast is the most common non-skin malignancy in women worldwide. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in India and accounts for 27% of all cancers in women. 1,2 According to a 2016 report 3 published by the Indian Council of Medical Research, breast cancer is now the most common cancer among urban Indian women, with approximately 1, 44, 000 new cases being reported every year. Carcinoma breast is the second leading cause of cancer mortality after lung cancer. Globally over the last several decades, the incidence of breast cancer has increased and the greatest increase has been seen in Asian countries where breast cancer incidence peaks among women in their forties whereas in the United States and Europe, it peaks among women in their sixties. 4,5,6 India with its multilingual, and multiethnic society has reported breast cancer as the commonest cancer in urban Indian females, and the second commonest in the rural Indian women. 3