Role of fullerene electron transport layer on the morphology and optoelectronic properties of perovskite solar cells

Encapsulation of Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

“…Organic semiconductor layers in the PSC structure that are used as charge transport layers (ETL and HTL) are prone to both oxidization and water absorption that can reduce the device stability. For example, an n-type fullerene, PCBM was used as an efficient ETL in an inverted structure PSC [73]. The authors found that the PCBM went through changes in terms of chemical states or band structure in ambient air, which was a major contributing factor to the device degradation [73].…”

“…For example, an n-type fullerene, PCBM was used as an efficient ETL in an inverted structure PSC [73]. The authors found that the PCBM went through changes in terms of chemical states or band structure in ambient air, which was a major contributing factor to the device degradation [73]. A p-type organic semiconductor, PEDOT:PSS, is generally used in the inverted structure as the HTL.…”

Enhanced fill factor for normal n‐i‐p planar heterojunction and mesoscopic perovskite solar cells using ruthenium‐doped TiO2 electron transporting layer

“…From the water and PbI 2 + DMF:DMSO solvent contact angle analyses, it is apparent that the Ru‐doped TiO 2 ETLs are hydrophobic for water as well as PbI 2 + DMF:DMSO solvents, which could facilitate uniform distribution of perovskite nuclei. Such a lower wettability of the Ru‐TiO 2 ETLs offers a lower surface tension dragging force (STDF), which enables the uniform distribution of nuclei compared to the pristine c ‐TiO 2 ETLs in substantial grain growth 38–41 . This was further evidenced by surface roughness and grain size analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the following section.…”

A zwitterionic polymer as an interfacial layer for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells

“…2 presents the static contact angles of water on the surfaces of the PEDOT:PSS thin lm and the PEDOT:PSS/Dex-CB-MA thin lm, respectively. Compared with the contact angle (12.6 ) observed from the PEDOT:PSS thin lm, greatly enlarged contact angle (60.6 ) observed from of the PEDOT:PSS/ Dex-CB-MA thin lm indicates that the Dex-CB-MA thin layer could decrease the surface tension of the PEDOT:PSS thin lm, which is favorable for CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 to form large grain size with less grain boundaries, 33 resulting in enhanced charge carrier mobility, consequently, boosted J SC from PSCs. 34 Scheme 1a displays PSCs device structure of ITO/ PEDOT:PSS/Dex-CB-MA/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /PC 61 BM/Al, where PC 61 BM acts as the electron extraction layer and Al is aluminum, respectively.…”