Role of Fungi Vectored by Rice Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Discoloration of Rice Kernels

Effect of Rice Bug <I>Leptocorisa oratorius</I> (Hemiptera: Alydidae) on Rice Yield, Grain Quality, and Seed Viability

“…Previous work by Every et al (1990) indicated that the wheat bug, Nysius huttoni White, could suck sap rich in amino acids and sugars from the ovary of wheat seeds at late anthesis. Lee et al (1993) found that rice stink bug feeding during anthesis restricted further grain development. Rice stink bug feeding also reduced the average weights of filled grains during anthesis and the milk stage (first 12 d after anthesis).…”

“…The rice stink bug is known to vector several pathogens through its stylets in a transient manner (Hollay et al 1987). Lee et al (1993) demonstrated that discoloration in pecky rice resulted from fungi that were introduced when rice stink bug was feeding. Maretti & Peterson (1984) demonstrated that rice stink bug feeding was a major factor in grain discoloration, although Bipolaris oryzae (Breda de Haan), a fungus that causes brown spot, was a primary cause of some grain discoloration and was one of several microbes that colonized grains through feeding punctures.…”

“…Feeding during soft and hard dough stages leaves a chalky discolored area around the feeding site and rice so affected is called pecky rice (Harper et al 1993). Fungi often enter the punctures made by rice stink bug (Hollay et al 1987;Lee et al 1993). Pecky rice easily breaks during milling, lowering the percentage of whole grains and, thus, the market value of the product (Odglen & Warren 1962).…”

Stink bug rostrum length vs. stylet penetration potential

“…In addition to direct yield losses due to mechanical damage to bolls during the feeding process, adult N. viridula have recently been shown to ingest and transmit pathogens of cotton bolls (Medrano et al, 2007;Esquivel et al, 2010). Other stink bug species such as Chinavia hilaris (Say), Euschistus servus (Say), Oebalus pugnax (Fabricius), and Piezodorus guildinii Westwood have also been shown to transmit pathogens of field crops (Foster & Daugherty, 1969;Lee et al, 1993;Medrano et al, 2011;Husseneder et al, 2017).…”

First evidence of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) feeding on rice (Oryza sativa L.)

“…Several species of Pentatomidae are known to attack rice and to cause economic losses in many rice-producing countries (Table 1). Damage is caused by adults and nymphs feeding on kernels in milk and dough stage of maturation, resulting in partially or totally unfilled grains (Lee et al, 1993;Pathak & Khan, 1994;Patel et al, 2006, Kiritani, 2007. Trophic activity can also open an access to fungi and bacteria that are responsible for pecky rice, which leads to chalky discoloration around the feeding site (Hollay et al, 1987;Panizzi et al, 2000).…”