Role of fusaric acid in the development of ‘Fusarium wilt’ symptoms in tomato: Physiological, biochemical and proteomic perspectives

Singh, Vivek Kumar; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur; Upadhyay, Ram Sanmukh

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.06.028

Cited by 120 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…On the one hand, the oxidative cascades of the defense response, added to the accumulation of free radicals in the chloroplast after stomatal closure, can induce membrane damage by lipid peroxidation; these damages include the components of the photosynthetic apparatus such as thylakoid membranes and photosystems. Furthermore, the production of fungal toxins such as fusaric acid increases ROS production, and the degradation of membranes exacerbates oxidative damage and also damages to chloroplasts (Narula et al, 2020;Singh et al, 2017). All these components could contribute to damaging the photosystems of the plants infected with Fol, as observed in the results of the fluorescence parameters reported in this work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Boosting photosynthetic machinery and defense priming with chitosan application on tomato plants infected withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici

Carmona

Villarreal-Navarrete

Burbano-David

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Physiological processes of plants infected by vascular pathogens are mainly affected by vascular bundle obstruction, decreasing the absorption of water and nutrients and gas exchange by stomatal closure, and inducing oxidative cascades and PSII alterations. Chitosan, a derivative of chitin present in the cell wall of some organisms including fungi, induces plant defense responses, activating systemic resistance. In this study, the effect of chitosan on the physiological and molecular responses of tomato plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) was studied, evaluating the maximum potential quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), photochemical efficiency of PSII (Y(II)), photochemical quenching (qP), stomatal conductance (gs), relative water content (RWC), proline content, photosynthetic pigments, dry mass, and differential gene expression (PAL, LOXA, ERF1, and PR1) of defense markers. A reduction of 70% in the incidence and 91% in the severity of the disease was achieved in plants treated with chitosan, mitigating the damage caused by Fol on Fv/Fm, Y(II), and chlorophyll contents by 23%, 36%, and 47%, respectively. Less impact was observed on qP, gs, RWC, and dry mass (16%, 11%, and 26%, respectively). Chitosan-treated and Fol-infected plants over-expressed PR1a gene suggesting a priming-associated response. These results demonstrate the high potential of chitosan to protect tomato plants against Fol by regulating physiological and molecular responses in tomato plants.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Boosting photosynthetic machinery and defense priming with chitosan application on tomato plants infected withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici

Carmona

Villarreal-Navarrete

Burbano-David

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Moreover, Fo produced several mycotoxins and fusaric acid in the xylem and phloem vessels after successful development in roots of tomato, causing certain morphophysiological disorders, as previously noted by Singh et al [11]. Under such conditions, the Mi population migrates into the soil after the enhancement of their reproduction in this hostile condition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…After introduction into a host plant, Fusarium oxysporum clogs the xylem vessels with mycelium, spores, or polysaccharides, causing wilting in tomato [10]. Moreover, the perpetual nuclear cell division in vascular bundles causes tylosis [11], thus blocking the transportation of water and nutrients to the aerial part of the plant. Aerial symptoms of Fusarium wilt start with the chlorosis and wilting of older leaves and progress towards the apex, eventually causing plant death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidative Defense Responses of Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars after Co-Infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

Maqsood

Kamran

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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The soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) and the nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Mi) are destructive pathogens that cause substantial yield losses to tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) crops worldwide. The present study sought to elucidate the physiological, biochemical, and cytological responses of tomato cultivars (Gailing maofen 802 and Zhongza 09) by root invasion of Fo (1 × 105 CFUmL−1) and Mi (1500 second-stage juveniles (J2) alone and in combination after 14 days. Results revealed that combined inoculation of Fo and Mi significantly increased disease intensity, electrolyte leakage, and hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents; and decreased photosynthetic capacity and enzyme activity in both cultivars as compared to their solo inoculation. Increasing the disease intensity reduced the maximum morphological traits, such as shoot length, total dry weight, and total chlorophyll contents, in G. maofen 802 (by 32%, 54.2%, and 52.3%, respectively) and Zhongza 09 (by 18%, 32%, and 21%, respectively) as compared to the control. Others factors were also reduced in G. maofen 802 and Zhongza 09, such as photosynthetic capacity (by 70% and 57%, respectively), stomatal conductance (by 86% and 70%, respectively), photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (YII) (by 36.6% and 29%, respectively), and electron transport rate (by 17.7% and 10%, respectively), after combined inoculation of Fo and Mi. Furthermore, the combined infestation of Fo and Mi resulted in reduced activity of plant-defense-related antioxidants in G. maofen 802 compared with their single application or control. However, these antioxidants were highly up-regulated in Zhongza 09 (by 59%–93%), revealing the induction of tolerance against studied pathogens. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results further demonstrated that root cells of Zhongza 09 had unique tetrahedral crystal-like structures in the membrane close to mitochondria under all treatments except control. Therefore, it is concluded that Mi caused severe root damage, suppressed plant growth, depleted antioxidants, and caused high generation of ROS in the presence of Fo as compared to its solo inoculation. Tolerant cultivars adopted different mechanistic strategies at the structural and cellular levels to tolerate the Mi and Fo stresses.

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“…In tomato plants, FSA showed a strong phytotoxic effect, potentially functioning as a chelating agent of copper, iron or zinc (Lopez-Diaz et al, 2018). At lower concentration, FSA was able to induce the plant defense response involving the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis (Bouizgarne et al, 2006a) and tomato (Singh et al, 2017). Likewise, at low doses, FSA was able to induce the programmed cell death and symptoms of apoptosis responses including the production of H 2 O 2 and DNA fragmentation in saffron (Crocus sativus) (Samadi & Shahsavan Behboodi, 2006) and tobacco suspension cells (Jiao et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusaric acid instigates the invasion of banana by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

Liu¹,

Zhang

et al. 2019

New Phytologist

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Fusaric acid (FSA) is a phytotoxin produced by several Fusarium species and has been associated with plant disease development, although its role is still not well understood. Mutation of key genes in the FSA biosynthetic gene (FUB) cluster in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) reduced the FSA production, and resulted in decreased disease symptoms and reduced fungal biomass in the host banana plants. When pretreated with FSA, both banana leaves and pseudostems exhibited increased sensitivity to Foc TR4 invasion. Banana embryogenic cell suspensions (ECSs) treated with FSA exhibited a lower rate of O 2 uptake, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and greater nuclear condensation and cell death. Consistently, transcriptomic analysis of FSA-treated ECSs showed that FSA may induce plant cell death through regulating the expression of genes involved in mitochondrial functions. The results herein demonstrated that the FSA from Foc TR4 functions as a positive virulence factor and acts at the early stage of the disease development before the appearance of the fungal hyphae in the infected tissues.

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Role of fusaric acid in the development of ‘Fusarium wilt’ symptoms in tomato: Physiological, biochemical and proteomic perspectives

Cited by 120 publications

References 54 publications

Boosting photosynthetic machinery and defense priming with chitosan application on tomato plants infected withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici

Boosting photosynthetic machinery and defense priming with chitosan application on tomato plants infected withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.lycopersici

Variations in Growth, Physiology, and Antioxidative Defense Responses of Two Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Cultivars after Co-Infection of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita

Fusaric acid instigates the invasion of banana by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense TR4

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