Role of gamma delta TCR+ lymphocytes in the augmented resistance of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate-treated mice to influenza virus infection.

γδ-T cells: an unpolished sword in human anti-infection immunity

“…The activation and cytokine secretions of cd-T cells are regarded as indicators of early viral infection. 23,24 Similarly to the contribution of murine cd-T cells during recovery after influenza-caused pneumonia, 25 the beneficial effects of human Vc9Vd2 cd-T cells against influenza virus infection have also recently been confirmed by our laboratory. 22,26,27 Through the direct killing of virus-infected cells and the production of antiviral cytokines, Vc9Vd2 cd-T cells can control infection by different strains of the influenza virus, such as human seasonal H1N1, pandemic H1N1, and the avian H5N1 and H9N2 viruses.…”

Production and applications of trehalose lipid biosurfactants

“…TDM conferred to mice higher resistance to intranasal infection by influenza virus [83]. It was demonstrated that the biosurfactant induced proliferation of T-lymphocytes bearing gamma/delta T-cell receptors (gd T-cells), associated with the maintenance of acquired resistance to the infection [84]. Furthermore, the trehalose lipids produced by Tsukamurella sp.…”

γδ+T-Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity against Envelope-Expressing Target Cells Is Unique to the Alymphocytic State of Bovine Leukemia Virus Infection in the Natural Host

“…Most relevant to the present study is herpes simplex virus infection, where ␥␦ ϩ T cells have been shown to directly recognize the gI protein (51) and also correlate with protection (30,51,52). In addition, ␥␦ ϩ T cells are notably activated in cytomegalovirus (14), influenza virus (26), and Sendai virus (37) infections and, importantly, in several bovine viral infections such as those caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (50), bovine herpesvirus 1 (47), and foot-andmouth disease virus (3). Activated ␥␦ ϩ T cells are also evident during simian and human immunodeficiency virus (SIV and HIV) infections, although their presence does not necessarily correlate with protection (63; reviewed in reference 41), and activated ␥␦ ϩ T cells in SIV and HIV infections also react to certain cells lines (17,57; reviewed in references 8 and 28).…”