Role of garlic in the prevention of ischemia‐reperfusion injury

Abstract

Garlic in different forms has antioxidant properties. These properties are shown to be due to the existence of compounds such as water soluble organosulfur compounds, S-allylcysteine and lipid soluble compounds like diallyl sulfide. The in vivo and in vitro ischemia reperfusion studies showed that prophylactic administration of aqueous garlic prior to ischemia reperfusion inhibit lipid peroxidation and prevent depletion in glutathione through its compounds that led to functional recovery. Its ability to inhibit neutrophil migration could suppress fibrosis formation. These preventive effects are seen in models that studied organs such as kidney and liver with functional recovery. Organ system specific activity such as angiotensin converting enzyme-inhibiting activity contributes to a cardioprotective and blood pressure lowering effect. Future studies should focus on post ischemia reperfusion administration of garlic to explore its rescue potential rather than prophylactic impact. Bench research findings should be translated into clinical use through human studies.

Garlic Extract Ameliorates Renal and Cardiopulmonary Injury in the Rats with Chronic Renal Failure

“…The current findings revealed that CRF-induced increases in renal and cardiopulmonary MDA levels, indicating lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage, 51 were ameliorated when the animals were treated with AGE. Similarly, AGE was shown to exert cytoprotective effects in different models of experimental studies 16 by preventing increases in MDA levels and preserving normal tissue morphology in rat kidney, liver, intestine, lung, and urinary bladder. 16,26,52 In the present study, AGE treatment significantly decreased MDA levels in the kidney, heart, and lung of CRF rats, probably in part, by scavenging the very reactive hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals.…”

“…49 To our knowledge no study has studied the effect of garlic in a renal failure model so far, except for I/R studies. 16,[22][23][24]50 In the current study, the protective effect of AGE against CRF, which is associated with oxidative stress promoting the production of ROS and cytokine release, was studied. The current findings revealed that CRF-induced increases in renal and cardiopulmonary MDA levels, indicating lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage, 51 were ameliorated when the animals were treated with AGE.…”

“…[12][13][14][15] Garlic-derived allium derivatives have been shown to exert antibiotic, anticancer, antithrombotic, and lipidlowering cardiovascular effects. 16 Garlic and other members of the Allium family are unusual in containing very high levels of organic sulfur compounds, and many of the reported beneficial effects of these vegetables have been attributed to these organic sulfur compounds. 16 The intrinsic antioxidant activity of garlic extracts and its constituents has been widely documented using in vivo and in vitro experimental models.…”

“…16 Garlic and other members of the Allium family are unusual in containing very high levels of organic sulfur compounds, and many of the reported beneficial effects of these vegetables have been attributed to these organic sulfur compounds. 16 The intrinsic antioxidant activity of garlic extracts and its constituents has been widely documented using in vivo and in vitro experimental models. [17][18][19] Garlic extracts increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), GPx, and catalase (CAT) activities in cultured vascular cells, 20,21 while a garlic compound, alliin, prevented the decrease in hepatic SOD and CAT activities in diabetic rats.…”

The Functional Role of Garlic and Bioactive Components in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Health: What We Do Know

“…The role of garlic in the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury can be demonstrated by its inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme action thereby contributing to cardioprotective and blood pressure lowering effects [69]. A study by Ali et al [49] showed that allicin from garlic powder has both hypolipidaemic and hypotensive effects in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet.…”