Role of Glial Cells in Axonal Regeneration

Toy, Dana; Namgung, Uk

doi:10.5607/en.2013.22.2.68

Cited by 39 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Previous studies have demonstrated that scarring represents a major barrier for axonal regrowth, and moderate inhibition of this process will enable axonal regrowth and improve functional recovery (34). In this study, fibrotic scar tissue rich in fibronectin and laminin formed at the lesion site after SCC, which is the key impediment for regenerate axons, containing axon growth inhibitory factors including chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Electroacupuncture at Governor Vessel improves neurobehavioral function via silencing complexin I

Xu¹,

Liu²,

Xiong³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Governor Vessel electro-acupuncture (GV), as a traditional Chinese medicine, has been proved that it can reduce scar and promote axon regeneration. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, complexin I (CPLX1), as a candidate protein involved in the process of GV treatment on spinal cord contusion (SCC), was found by using protein chip. Therefore, using a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approach, we silenced CPLX1 to assess its role in the process of GV treatment. Additionally, eIF5A1 promotes translation of CPLX1 with PPG sequence, we attempt to uncover whether eIF5A1 play a role in GV treatment. Indeed, GV can reduce scar and promote axon regeneration after SCC. CPLX1-/+ SCC rats demonstrated that decreased CPLX1 improved the microenvironment of injured area via reducing the components of fibrotic scar and further enhanced the synaptic plasticity, which benefit the regeneration of axons. And eIF5A1 could regulate the expression of CPLX1 in the process of GV treatment. Therefore, GV contributes to axon regeneration and synapse plasticity via eIF5A1 regulating CPLX1 following SCC, providing a convincible mechanism for improving the therapeutic efficacy of GV for SCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Electroacupuncture at Governor Vessel improves neurobehavioral function via silencing complexin I

Xu¹,

Liu²,

Xiong³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Schwann cells, which are glial cells in the general peripheral nervous system (PNS), play an important role in tissue repair process after PNS injury 20 and are also a target for use in neural repair therapies. To determine if Schwann cells also responded to RAD288 and RAD289, Schwann cells were treated with a range of concentrations from 0.78 to 6.25 µM of RAD288 and RAD289 for 24 h. We observed that both natural products did not affect the viability of Schwann cells (p > 0.05) in comparison with the negative control.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The serrulatane diterpenoid natural products RAD288 and RAD289 stimulate properties of olfactory ensheathing cells useful for neural repair therapies

Chen

Vial

Velasquez

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are being trialled for cell transplantation therapies for neural repair as they have unique properties which can enhance neuron regeneration. However, improvements in cell viability, proliferation and migration are needed to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Growth factors can enhance cell activity, but they can also induce side effects as they can act on numerous cell types. An alternative approach is to identify natural products (NPs) that more selectively activate specific cell functions. We have examined two pure NPs, 3-acetoxy-7,8-dihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (RAD288) and 3,7,8-trihydroxyserrulat-14-en-19-oic acid (RAD289) isolated from the Australian plant Eremophila microtheca. We determined that RAD288 and RAD289 stimulated the viability and proliferation of OECs in two-dimensional cultures and increased cell viability in three-dimensional spheroids. Both compounds also enhanced OEC-mediated phagocytosis of neural debris. However, only RAD288 stimulated migration of OECs, demonstrating that key structural changes to the compound can dramatically affect the resultant cellular action. In addition, cell-type specific action is highlighted by the result that neither compound stimulated the viability of Schwann cells which are a closely-related glial cell type. Therefore, these small molecules may have high potential for selective activation of specific therapeutically-useful activities of OECs for transplantation therapies to repair the nervous system.

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“…Glial cells and molecules in the extracellular matrix (ECM) orchestrate axonal regeneration upon injury. Successful PNS axon regeneration is largely attributed to Schwann cell response via proliferation, migration, and remyelination (Toy and Namgung 2013). In parallel, in PNS neurons, multiple signaling pathways monitoring gene expression in the soma, together with pathways in the growth cone, control the balance of microtubule assembly, dynamics, and stabilization to achieve optimal axon growth (Glenn and Talbot 2013;Saijilafu et al 2013a,b).…”

Section: Lncrnas In Peripheral Nerve Injury (Pni)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Noncoding RNAs in Development and Regeneration of the Neural Lineage

Hezroni

Perry

Ulitsky

2019

Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are gathering increasing attention toward their roles in different biological systems. In mammals, the richest repertoires of lncRNAs are expressed in the brain and in the testis, and the diversity of lncRNAs in the nervous system is thought to be related to the diversity and the complexity of its cell types. Supporting this notion, many lncRNAs are differentially expressed between different regions of the brain or in particular cell types, and many lncRNAs are dynamically expressed during embryonic or postnatal neurogenesis. Less is known about the functions of these genes, if any, but they are increasingly implicated in diverse processes in health and disease. Here, we review the current knowledge about the roles and importance of lncRNAs in the central and peripheral nervous systems and discuss the specific niches within gene regulatory networks that might be preferentially occupied by lncRNAs.

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Role of Glial Cells in Axonal Regeneration

Cited by 39 publications

References 94 publications

Electroacupuncture at Governor Vessel improves neurobehavioral function via silencing complexin I

Electroacupuncture at Governor Vessel improves neurobehavioral function via silencing complexin I

The serrulatane diterpenoid natural products RAD288 and RAD289 stimulate properties of olfactory ensheathing cells useful for neural repair therapies

Long Noncoding RNAs in Development and Regeneration of the Neural Lineage

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