Role of gut microbiota in dog and cat’s health and diseases

Mondo, Elisabetta; Marliani, Giovanna; Accorsi, Pier Attilio; Cocchi, Massimo; Leone, A.

doi:10.4314/ovj.v9i3.10

Cited by 56 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Indeed, the employment of antibiotics can expose animals to risk factors such as a significant decline of the intestinal microbial biodiversity, reduction of beneficial bacteria and development of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms (Suchodolski et al ., 2009; Dandrieux et al ., 2019; Werner et al ., 2020). Metronidazole and/or tylosin are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics to treat GI diseases (Mondo et al ., 2019). However, although several trials highlighted remission of dogs and cats after metronidazole or tylosin treatments, these antimicrobials are often administered in combination with dietary therapy or other drugs, thus preventing a complete understanding of the true impact of antibiotics in CE treatment (Munster et al ., 2006; Makielski et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Therapeutic Strategies For the Treatment Of Inflammatory Bowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, concerns regarding pet health and well‐being are taken seriously and have consequently prompted a lot of research aimed at pet health promotion and disease prevention. In this context, the scientific community has in recent decades focused on gut health and the study of the intestinal bacterial population of dogs and cats, for the purpose of maintaining and promoting host health (Mondo et al ., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, the long‐lasting mutualistic association (commensalism or symbiosis) of this indigenous microbial ecosystem with its mammalian host has laid the foundation for the establishment and subsequent consolidation of multiple trophic interactions. Specifically, the intestinal microbial community is involved in various metabolic and physiological activities, including degradation of otherwise non‐digestible complex carbohydrates, provision of energy sources to support intestinal epithelium integrity and to ensure its basal activity, education of the immune system, protection against pathogen colonization and production of metabolites, including short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids, vitamins or other bacterially derived compounds such as trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (Moens and Veldhoen, 2012; Pickard et al ., 2017; Moon et al ., 2018; Mondo et al ., 2019; Wernimont et al ., 2020). Furthermore and similar to the human situation, the microbial community of the feline and canine intestine may be influenced by various factors, such as diet (Schmidt et al ., 2018), age (Masuoka et al ., 2017), metabolic disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases (Omori et al ., 2017; Kalenyak et al ., 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective

Alessandri

Argentini

Milani

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

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Dogs and cats have gained a special position in human society by becoming our principal companion animals. In this context, efforts to ensure their health and welfare have increased exponentially, with in recent times a growing interest in assessing the impact of the gut microbiota on canine and feline health. Recent technological advances have generated new tools to not only examine the intestinal microbial composition of dogs and cats, but also to scrutinize the genetic repertoire and associated metabolic functions of this microbial community. The application of high-throughput sequencing techniques to canine and feline faecal samples revealed similarities in their bacterial composition, with Fusobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as the most prevalent and abundant phyla, followed by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. Although key bacterial members were consistently present in their gut microbiota, the taxonomic composition and the metabolic repertoire of the intestinal microbial population may be influenced by several factors, including diet, age and anthropogenic aspects, as well as intestinal dysbiosis. The current review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the multitude of factors which play a role in the modulation of the canine and feline gut microbiota and that of their human owners with whom they share the same environment.

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Section: Therapeutic Strategies For the Treatment Of Inflammatory Bowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective

Alessandri

Argentini

Milani

et al. 2020

Microbial Biotechnology

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“…Development of the microbiome begins before birth (Stinson et al, 2019) and the microbiome influences many aspects of host health, including physiology, anatomy, behavior, reproduction, and fitness (Bordenstein and Theis, 2015;Thomas et al, 2017). For example, the GI microbiome facilitates the breakdown of food (Figure 1) as well as the production of metabolites, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids, vitamins (D'Argenio and Salvatore, 2015;Suchodolski, 2016), nutrients, and other bacterially derived compounds (Mondo et al, 2019). The microbiota release nutrients and metabolites into the body, influencing immune cells and inflammatory functions (Tizard and Jones, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evidence also suggests that the GI microbiome influences the development and regulation of major host systems, including the nervous, renal, digestive, dermal, endocrine, immune, and respiratory systems (Evenepoel et al, 2017;Tizard and Jones, 2017;Makki et al, 2018). For example, commensal bacteria play a key role in the function of the host immune system, which is essential for the development of the physiologic structure of the gut (Mondo et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

et al. 2020

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose to provide. Yet, a clear understanding of the impact these food choices have on the microbiome, and thus on the overall health of the pet, is lacking. Pet foods are formulated to contain the typical nutritional building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but increasingly include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics. Each of these categories, as well as their relative proportions in food, can affect the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary components may impact not only GI disease, but also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease through changes in the GI microbiome. Until recently, the focus of microbiome research was to characterize alterations in microbiome composition in disease states, while less research effort has been devoted to understanding how changes in nutrition can influence pet health by modifying the microbiome function. This review summarizes the impact of pet food nutritional components on the composition and function of the microbiome and examines evidence for the role of nutrition in impacting host health through the microbiome in a variety of disease states. Understanding how nutrition can modulate GI microbiome composition and function may reveal new avenues for enhancing the health and resilience of cats and dogs.

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Canine Mucosal Artificial Colon: development of a new colonic in vitro model adapted to dog sizes

Deschamps,

Denis,

Humbert

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Differences in dog breed sizes are an important determinant of variations in digestive physiology, mainly related to the large intestine. In vitro gut models are increasingly used as alternatives to animal experiments for technical, cost, societal, and regulatory reasons. Up to now, only one in vitro model of the canine colon incorporates the dynamics of different canine gut regions, yet no adaptations exist to reproduce size-related digestive parameters. To address this limitation, we developed a new model of the canine colon, the CANIne Mucosal ARtificial COLon (CANIM-ARCOL), simulating main physiochemical (pH, transit time, anaerobiosis), nutritional (ileal effluent composition), and microbial (lumen and mucus-associated microbiota) parameters of this ecosystem and adapted to three dog sizes (i.e., small under 10 kg, medium 10–30 kg, and large over 30 kg). To validate the new model regarding microbiota composition and activities, in vitro fermentations were performed in bioreactors inoculated with stools from 13 dogs (4 small, 5 medium, and 4 large). After a stabilization period, microbiota profiles clearly clustered depending on dog size. Bacteroidota and Firmicutes abundances were positively correlated with dog size both in vitro and in vivo, while opposite trends were observed for Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. As observed in vivo, microbial activity also increased with dog size in vitro, as evidenced from gas production, short-chain fatty acids, ammonia, and bile acid dehydroxylation. In line with the 3R regulation, CANIM-ARCOL could be a relevant platform to assess bilateral interactions between food and pharma compounds and gut microbiota, capturing inter-individual or breed variabilities. Key points • CANIM-ARCOL integrates main canine physicochemical and microbial colonic parameters • Gut microbiota associated to different dog sizes is accurately maintained in vitro • The model can help to move toward personalized approach considering dog body weight

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Role of gut microbiota in dog and cat’s health and diseases

Cited by 56 publications

References 47 publications

Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective

Catching a glimpse of the bacterial gut community of companion animals: a canine and feline perspective

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

Canine Mucosal Artificial Colon: development of a new colonic in vitro model adapted to dog sizes

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