To confirm the prospects for application of pre-corrected pH hydrothermal pretreatment in biorefineries, the effects of pH on the dissolution and degradation efficiency of carbohydrates were studied. The species composition of the hydrolysate was analyzed using high efficiency anion exchange chromatography and UV spectroscopy. The result showed that the greatest balance between the residual solid and total dissolved solids was obtained at pH 4 and 170 • C. Maximum recovery rates of cellulose and lignin were as expected, whereas hemicellulose had the least recovery rate. The hemicellulose extraction rate was 42.19%, and the oligomer form accounted for 93.39% of the product. The physicochemical properties of bamboo with or without pretreatment was characterized. Compared with the traditional hydrothermal pretreatment, the new pretreatment bamboo has higher fiber crystallinity and thermal stability. In the pretreatment process, the fracture of β-aryl ether bond was inhibited and the structural dissociation of lignin was reduced. The physicochemical properties of bamboo was protected while the hemicellulose was extracted efficiently. It provides theoretical support for the efficient utilization of all components of woody biomass.Polymers 2020, 12, 612 2 of 16 environmentally benign process that has been widely used for lignocellulose biomass pretreatment [15]. At present, the research on hydrothermal pretreatment focuses not only on wood materials, but also on bamboo and other non-wood materials [16,17]. The hemicellulose of bamboo was extracted in large quantities during the pretreatment, which effectively promoted the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency [18]. However, during the hydrothermal pretreatment of bamboo, the degradation of cellulose increased with the dissolution of hemicellulose [17]. Many factors considerably influence the hydrothermal pretreatment of biomass, such as the physical properties of the biomass and the physical and chemical properties [19]. Other factors include the type of reactor and the catalyst. The hydroxyaldehyde condensation reaction can be easily achieved under alkaline conditions [20,21]. Acidic conditions were found to be suitable for dehydration [22]. Sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide have been used to change the acid-base environment of the reaction. By adjusting the pH, the reaction direction can affect the direction to effective products [23]. High value utilization of woody biomass was promoted by hydrothermal pretreatment. For example, the separation and purification of cellulose were enhanced. The nanocellulose was prepared by oxidation of cellulose [24,25]. The application of nanocomposites was promoted by surface modification/surfactant polymerization of nanocellulose [26,27].A novel, pre-corrected pH hydrothermal pretreatment was performed to integrate pH control without additional steps or equipment, resulting in the best balance between the residual solid and dissolved solid [3]. A buffer system was established by pre-correcting the pH value of the extraction solution. It...