2017
DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.12.003
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Role of hemokinin-1 in health and disease

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Cited by 29 publications
(30 citation statements)
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“…In the intact TG and TNC of Tac4 -/mice, there was a lower expression of the microglia/macrophage marker Iba1 and the SGC/astrocyte marker Gfap was also expressed at a significantly lower level in all the sampled tissues of Tac4 -/mice. The basal difference in activity is not entirely surprising since macrophages are known to express both HK-1 and the NK-1 receptor and the Tac4 mRNA was also detected in cultured microglia [36]. Likewise, previous data also revealed that astrocytes and microglia in the brain express NK-1 receptors [110] and NK-1 receptor antagonist treatment could reverse opioid withdrawal-induced astrocyte and microglia activation [111].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
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“…In the intact TG and TNC of Tac4 -/mice, there was a lower expression of the microglia/macrophage marker Iba1 and the SGC/astrocyte marker Gfap was also expressed at a significantly lower level in all the sampled tissues of Tac4 -/mice. The basal difference in activity is not entirely surprising since macrophages are known to express both HK-1 and the NK-1 receptor and the Tac4 mRNA was also detected in cultured microglia [36]. Likewise, previous data also revealed that astrocytes and microglia in the brain express NK-1 receptors [110] and NK-1 receptor antagonist treatment could reverse opioid withdrawal-induced astrocyte and microglia activation [111].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…Although a few studies reported antibody development (e.g., [38]) or a recent immunohistochemical study on the TG with an in-house developed antibody [39], there are still no commercially available antibodies against HK-1. Despite the structural similarities and common receptors of HK-1 and SP, some of their functions appear to be different, even opposing each other [36,[40][41][42][43]. This could be explained by different binding sites and different signalling pathways by HK-1 compared to SP even at the NK-1 receptor, but a specific target is suggested to mediate several actions of HK-1 [36].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…In humans, hemokinin 1 (HK-1), together with endokinins (EK) A, B, C and D, which originate from the different splice variants of the TAC4 gene (preprotachykinin C), have been found [ 102 ]. Due to the wide spread of HK-1 in the body, and its preferential affinity to the NK-1 tachykinin receptor, it has been implicated in many diseases (reviewed elsewhere, [ 103 105 ]) including asthma and possibly COPD [ 106 108 ]. HK-1, EKA and B pro-contractile effects have been shown in ex vivo bronchi both in humans and guinea pigs, although seemingly these effects are mediated through different receptors [ 109 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%