Role of high shear mixing in improving stability and bio-efficacy of botanical oil in water formulation for early stage mosquito eradication

Abstract

Neem based formulations conventionally being used as dustable powders, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates etc for controlling insects and mosquitoes. These formulations are prepared by mechanical mixing or low shear mixing processes. Among these formulations solvent based EC formulation is more common in use, though it have many drawbacks like phyto-toxicity, flammability, environmental contamination and dermal toxicity. Along with these drawbacks stability of the active ingredient is the most concerned problem, as the active ingredients are unstable in solvent based formulations. Neem oil based oil in water emulsion formulation (EW) formulation may be a safer alternative to EC formulation. In the present study, composition and process technology involved in Neem EW formulations were optimized. Different types of the EW formulation has already been formulated, but no investigations were made to prove the influence of high shear mixing, turbulence flow, time duration on the stability of formulation and its bio-efficacy. The main objective of the study is to determine the effect of turbulence stirring duration on droplet size and emulsion stability. The 60 min turbulence flow mixing at 3600 rpm decreased the particle size from 6.7 to 1.2μm. The prepared formulation stability was further confirmed by different analytical techniques like HPLC and FTIR. The 60 min high shear turbulence stirring enhanced the bio-efficacy in terms of 99 % mortality after 24 h at concentration of 500 ppm of 10 EW.

Azadirachtin-Based Insecticide: Overview, Risk Assessments, and Future Directions

“…The neem-based oil in water emulsion formulation by high shear mixing also improves stability and bio-efficacity of the biopesticide by a decrease of particle size of the emulsion with the increase of stirring time leading to excellent emulsion stability (Iqbal et al, 2020). In addition, the stability of neem oilbased microemulsion can be enhanced by the use of botanical synergists, such as aqueous extract of Prosopis Juliflora (Sharma et al, 2019).…”

Water‐Dependent Upcycling of Eco‐Friendly Multifunctional Nanocompartmentalized Films

“…[35][36][37] The Neem oil discriminatory FTIR bands were at 2853 and 2921 cm −1 related to the alkane group with stretching vibration of C-H [38,39] and at 1742 cm −1 related to stretching ester vibration of CO. [40] Such typical bands were observed in all films containing nanoparticles with 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g of Neem oil, suggesting the success of the encapsulation and compartmentalization. To probe the overall features of the prepared films, we integrated a number of characterization techniques.…”

Tween 20 Stabilized Conventional Heavy Crude Oil-In-Water Emulsions Formed by Mechanical Homogenization

“…As shown in Figure 2, a decrease in mixing duration enhanced the rate of change in turbidity. Iqbal et al (2020) investigated the effect of stirring duration on droplet size and emulsion stability. They found that the turbidity change rate after 24 h decreased when a longer mixing duration was applied, which is consistent with the present study.…”