Role of hydrogen cyanamide (HC) in grape bud dormancy release: proteomic approach

Abstract

In the present study, we identified changes in protein expression patterns of grapevine buds when treated with hydrogen cyanamide (HC). HC induced a shift of more than 2-folds in the expression of 1250 proteins out of approximately 7000 detected proteins. The majority of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were localized in the chloroplast (419) and cytoplasm (347). Most of the detected DEPs were linked with energy metabolism, redox activity, hormone, and stress signaling. Particularly, the DEPs associated with defense and sugar metabolism showed significantly higher expression in HC-treated buds. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed significant enrichment for circadian rhythm, ribosome, and metabolic pathways. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of peroxidase (POD) increased at initial stages but declined at later stages (18 days post-treatment). This study identified several dormancy-related proteins that regulated signaling, as well as metabolic pathways upon HC application. The outcome of this study provides insights into the role of HC in dormancy release for grapevine production, hence useful to alleviate yield losses in mild winter regions.

Effect of Hydrogen Cyanamide on Bud Break, Fruit Yield and Quality of Highbush Blueberry in Greenhouse Production

“…Growing blueberries in a greenhouse can enable plants to resist cold and promote their growth and early flowering and fruiting [30] and is widely practiced in northeast China. Hydrogen cyanamide has been effectively used to advance bud breaking [19] and promote early ripening in deciduous fruit trees [31]. It has also been reported that HC application can increase yield in 'Perlette' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) [32] and pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) [22].…”

“…Due to insufficient chilling requirements in the greenhouse, delayed and irregular bud breaking and flowering often occur, resulting in a decrease in blueberry yield or even no harvest. A large number of studies have demonstrated that dormancy breaking agents such as HC can substitute part of the chilling requirements, advance and synchronize bud breaking and blooming, and hasten fruit maturity [19][20][21][22]. The application of dormancy breaking agents will be an important strategy to promote the early ripening of fruits in blueberry greenhouse production.…”