Role of Immune Cells and Receptors in Cancer Treatment: An Immunotherapeutic Approach

Mukherjee, Anirban Goutam; Wanjari, Uddesh Ramesh; Namachivayam, Arunraj; Murali, Reshma; Prabakaran, D. S.; Ganesan, Raja; Renu, Kaviyarasi; Dey, Abhijit; Vellingiri, Balachandar; Ramanathan, Gnanasambandan; C, George Priya Doss; Gopalakrishnan, Abilash Valsala

doi:10.3390/vaccines10091493

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 188 publications

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“…These immune cells, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, perform multifaceted functions ranging from tumor surveillance to immunomodulation. In particular, the innate immune system (granulocytes, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and monocytes) and adaptive system (lymphocytes, including T and B cells) enter the tumor microenvironment and act effectively to regulate the growth of tumor cells [ 34 ]. The concerted efforts of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment profoundly influence the cancer progression trajectory, thereby affecting therapeutic responses and clinical outcomes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential involvement of neutrophils on exercise effects in breast cancer malignancy

Ko,

Woo,

Chae

et al. 2023

Phys Act Nutr

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[Purpose] This review aimed to comprehensively explore and elucidate multifaceted neutrophils in breast cancer, particularly in the context of physical activity. Neutrophils play a critical role in the tumor microenvironment and systemic immune response, despite their short half-life and terminal differentiation. Through a thorough review of research related to changes in immunity in breast cancer during exercise, this review aims to provide comprehensive insights into immunological changes, especially focusing on neutrophils. Recognizing that much of the existing research has predominantly focused on T cells and nature killer (NK) cells, our review seeks to shift the spotlight toward understanding how exercise affects neutrophils, a less-explored but critical immune response component in breast cancer.[Methods] This study involved an extensive review of the literature (from 2000 to 2023) using the PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases. The keywords chosen for the searches were “immune cells and exercise,” “exercise and breast cancer,” “tumor microenvironment and neutrophils,” and “neutrophils and exercise and breast cancers.”[Results] Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment can exhibit distinct phenotypes and functions. These differences have yielded conflicting results regarding tumor progression. Exercise plays a positive role in breast cancer and alters the immune system. Physical activity can quantitatively and functionally regulate neutrophils under various conditions such as metabolic disruption or senescence.[Conclusion] This short communication outlines exercise-induced neutrophil diversification and its role in breast cancer progression, both within and systemically within the tumor microenvironment. Exercise may provide benefits through the potential neutrophil involvement in breast cancer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential involvement of neutrophils on exercise effects in breast cancer malignancy

Ko,

Woo,

Chae

et al. 2023

Phys Act Nutr

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“…Using glucose to generate citrate that is released as part of the seminal fluids is an unusual and inefficient energy metabolism for normal prostate epithelial cells. During transformation, PCa cells switch from an inefficient to efficient energy metabolism [ 3 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 ] ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Metabolic Regulation Of Pcamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no universal definition for cancer, but it is defined as the uncontrol division of the cell that leads to invading the cell basement or metastasizing to other body organs [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Benign and malignant tumors can be differentiated based on their location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer

et al. 2023

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the common cause of death in men. The pathophysiological factors contributing to PCa are not well known. PCa cells gain a protective mechanism via abnormal lipid signaling and metabolism. PCa cells modify their metabolism in response to an excessive intake of nutrients to facilitate advancement. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is inextricably linked to the carcinogenic progression of PCa, which heightens the severity of the disease. It is hypothesized that changes in the metabolism of the mitochondria contribute to the onset of PCa. The studies of particular alterations in the progress of PCa are best accomplished by examining the metabolome of prostate tissue. Due to the inconsistent findings written initially, additional epidemiological research is required to identify whether or not MetS is an aspect of PCa. There is a correlation between several risk factors and the progression of PCa, one of which is MetS. The metabolic symbiosis between PCa cells and the tumor milieu and how this type of crosstalk may aid in the development of PCa is portrayed in this work. This review focuses on in-depth analysis and evaluation of the metabolic changes that occur within PCa, and also aims to assess the effect of metabolic abnormalities on the aggressiveness status and metabolism of PCa.

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“…[ 9 ] Therefore, researching the mechanisms of immune cells in EC holds significant importance in the immunotherapy of EC. [ 10 ] Targeting patient-specific immune cell phenotypes can enhance the immune system’s ability to attack cancer cells, thereby improving treatment outcomes and reducing adverse events associated with immunotherapy. Understanding biological markers or genetic factors that predispose individuals to EC can aid in early diagnosis and risk assessment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of immune cells and the risk of esophageal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study in a East Asian population

Guo,

Si,

2024

Medicine

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Immunotherapy has been used in esophageal cancer (EC), but the causal relationship between EC and immune cells is not clear. Although the cellular phenotype has been reported as a biomarker for immunotherapy, the biomarker studies for immunotherapy in EC still face great challenges. Comprehensive 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to determine the causal association between immune cell signatures and EC in this study. Based on publicly available genetic data, we explored causal associations between 731 immune cell signatures and EC risk. EC had no statistically significant effect on immunophenotypes. Nine immunophenotype types were positively associated with the risk of EC: CD20−%B cell, CD20% lymphocytes, CD25 on IgD− CD27−, CD25 on IgD+ CD24+, CD27 on IgD+ CD24+, CD28+ CD45RA− CD8br AC, CD3 on TD CD8br, IgD-CD38dim%B cells, and Mo MDSC AC. In addition, a total of 15 immunophenotypes were identified as causally associated with EC. IgD+ CD38− %B cell, IgD− CD24− %lymphocyte, CD19 on IgD− CD38dim, CD20 on IgD+ CD24+, CD62L-myeloid DC AC, CD4+ AC, Lymphocyte %leukocyte, CD3 on HLA-DR+ T cell, CD3 on CD45RA− CD4+, HVEM on naive CD4+ AC, HVEM on CD45RA− CD4+, CD4 on TD CD4+, CD4 on CD4 Treg, and CD4 on CD39+ resting Treg, and CD4 on activated & secreting Treg. Our study has demonstrated the close connection between immune cells and EC by genetic means, thus providing guidance for future clinical research.

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Role of Immune Cells and Receptors in Cancer Treatment: An Immunotherapeutic Approach

Cited by 20 publications

References 188 publications

Potential involvement of neutrophils on exercise effects in breast cancer malignancy

Potential involvement of neutrophils on exercise effects in breast cancer malignancy

Role of Metabolism and Metabolic Pathways in Prostate Cancer

Association of immune cells and the risk of esophageal cancer: A Mendelian randomization study in a East Asian population

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