Role of Immunity: Current Status of COVID-19-A Review

Abstract

The immune system in a broad sense is a mechanism that allows a living organism to discriminate between "self" and "non-self." Corona viruses are members of a large family of viruses causing illnesses associated with respiratory tract. These viruses belonging collectively to the order Nidovirales, are positively Stranded RNA viruses. Respiratory virus infections have a major impact on health. Mostly Virus gains the ability to spread efficiently within a new host that was not previously exposed or susceptible. Acute respiratory illnesses, mostly caused by viruses, are the most common illness experienced by otherwise healthy children and adults worldwide. Humans may be infected by and suffer clinical consequences from numerous different viruses, and in most instances the infection is resolved with or without tissue damage. Reinfection is usually subclinical, and for many viruses we have effective vaccines. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance to understand the pathophysiology of disease and how the immune response to the pathogen affects the disease. Although the immune system plays an important role in fighting COVID-19, paradoxically it could also be harmful. Herd immunity is the indirect protection of individuals from an infectious disease when a high proportion of a population is immune (usually through vaccination). Persons who haven't been infected, or who haven't had a good immune response, are protected because there are enough immune people around them to slow or stop person-to-person transmission. There is currently insufficient information to conclude whether people who have recovered from COVID-19 and have antibodies are protected from a second infection. The development of vaccines is considered to be immunology's greatest success, as evidenced by the millions of lives saved. Boosting the immune system is a potential resource for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. The process and mechanism of the immune system can be a good source of knowledge for immune system development. Finally, nutrition (eg, dietary recommendations) to boost the immune system should be explored and recommended.