Role of inflammasomes and their regulators in prostate cancer initiation, progression and metastasis

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the main cancers that affect men, especially older men. Though there has been considerable progress in understanding the progression of prostate cancer, the drivers of its development need to be studied more comprehensively. The emergence of resistant forms has also increased the clinical challenges involved in the treatment of prostate cancer. Recent evidence has suggested that inflammation might play an important role at various stages of cancer development. This review focuses on inflammasome research that is relevant to prostate cancer and indicates future avenues of study into its effective prevention and treatment through inflammasome regulation. With regard to prostate cancer, such research is still in its early stages. Further study is certainly necessary to gain a broader understanding of prostate cancer development and to create successful therapy solutions.

Prognostic value of inflammation in prostate cancer progression and response to therapeutic: a critical review

“…As adaptive immune cells, analysis of two major prostate tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets showed that capsular and perineural invasion as well as biochemical progression was related to strong infiltration of T and B lymphocytes [15, 19]. Mc Ardle et al [20] showed that the presence of increase CD4+ T-lymphocyte infiltrate was associated with poor PC prognosis and it can predict survival.…”

“…Although the role of B-lymphocytes in cancer has been overshadowed by the interest in T-cell responses, B-cells can play a complementary role in the immune response against tumor [15]. Gannon et al [23] compared metastatic and non-metastatic pelvic lymph nodes from PC cases and controls.…”

“…Macrophages are a source of secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines and they are distinguished in two phenotypes: M1 with tumor inhibitor properties and M2 with tumor stimulatory properties [15, 27, 28]. Lanciotti et al [28] showed that a high density of macrophages in PC is associated with more aggressiveness and poorer prognosis.…”

“…As clinical data, a 5-year follow-up study based on prostate biopsies established that chronic inflammation accounts for nearly 20% PC development [15, 16]. Moreover, inflammatory atrophy was found in about 40% of PC cores in that study.…”

Inflammation and prostate cancer: friends or foe?

“…Decades of histological observations have led to the recognition of inflammatory and immune mediators as active participants in the pathogenesis, surveillance, and progression of prostate cancer [17][18][19][20][21] (Fig. 1).…”