Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors and Adipokines in Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance

Al-Mansoori, Layla; Al-Jaber, Hend; Prince, Mohammad Shoaib; Elrayess, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1007/s10753-021-01559-z

Cited by 118 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Many pro-inflammatory cytokines are often elevated in overweight subjects with IR [ 18 ]. Recent studies also show that TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1 promote IR, with TNF-α level as the main link between obesity and IR [ 19 , 20 ]. In this study, we did not observe a significant correlation between these cytokines and IR, while we found that IL-15 significantly and negatively correlated with METS-IR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Circulating Cytokines in Older Persons: The Role of Gender and Body Mass Index

et al. 2022

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Background: Inflammation, along with aging processes, contributes to the development of insulin resistance (IR), but the roles of different inflammatory and other cytokines in this process remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to analyze the association between several plasma cytokines with IR as evaluated by the metabolic score for insulin resistance, METS-IR. Methods: We measured the plasma concentrations of thirty cytokines from a cohort of older persons and analyzed their role as independent factors for IR. We used regression analyses adjusted for known IR-associated factors (including age, gender, cholesterol levels, and BMI) to find the determinants of IR. Results: The study evaluated 132 subjects, mostly women (82F/50M), slightly overweight, and with a mean age of 78.5 ± 6.5 years. In the overall population, IL-15 significantly and negatively correlates with METS-IR (r = −0.183, p = 0.036). A regression model showed that the association between IL-15 and METS-IR was significantly modulated by gender and BMI (R2: 0.831). Only in women, EGF, Eotaxin and MCP-1 significantly correlated with METS-IR even after controlling by age (EGF, r = 0.250 p = 0.025; Eotaxin, r = 0.276 p = 0.13; MCP-1, r = 0.237, p = 0.033). Furthermore, regression models showed that these molecules were associated with METS-IR and were strongly mediated by BMI. Conclusions: Our results indicate the association between cytokines and IR has to be interpreted in a gender-specific manner. In women, EGF, Eotaxin, and MCP-1 circulating levels are associated with METS-IR being BMI a significant mediator. Understanding the role of gender in the relationship between cytokines and IR will help to define individualized preventive and treatment interventions to reduce the risk of age-related metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Circulating Cytokines in Older Persons: The Role of Gender and Body Mass Index

et al. 2022

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“…Changes in adipose tissue secretions such as increased free fatty acids and leptin levels and decreased adiponectin levels in obesity cause insulin resistance development (20). Also, increased secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) plays a role in developing insulin resistance (28). For these reasons, the connection between obesity and insulin resistance is not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Correlation Between Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Children with Overweight and Obesity

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et al. 2023

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin D levels and insulin resistance parameters in children with overweight and obesity. Material and Methods: A total of 174 children, 64.4% (n=112) female, and 35.6% (n=62) male, aged between 6-17 years were included in the study. The participants were divided into three groups as normal (29.9%, n=52), overweight (23.6%, n=41), and obesity (46.5%, n=81) based on the criteria of the World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) classification. The insulin resistance status of the participants was evaluated by homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting glucose to insulin ratio (FGIR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Results: HOMA-IR was found higher in the obesity group (3.2±2.1) compared to the overweight (2.2±1.0) and the normal weight (1.5±1.0) groups (p<0.001). It was observed that QUICKI values of the overweight (0.34±0.03) and the obesity (0.33±0.03) groups were lower than the normal weight (0.37±0.03) group (p<0.001). FGIR was noticed as higher in the normal weight (16.8±10.4) group compared to the overweight (10.6±6.0) and the obesity (8.5±5.5) groups (p<0.001). The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels of the children and adolescents were 19.6±10.7 ng/mL, and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.153). A significant weak negative correlation between serum 25(OH)D and HOMA-IR values was found (r=-0.170, p=0.025). Additionally, a weak positive statistically significant correlation was found between serum 25(OH)D level and QUICKI and FGIR values (r=0.173, p=0.022, and r=0.173, p=0.023, respectively). Conclusion: Vitamin D levels can affect insulin resistance parameters.

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“…Nutritional stress, especially excessive dietary fats, leads to obesity and insulin resistance. This process is believed to be the result of impaired insulin signal transduction caused by several molecules released from adipose tissue [ 40 , 41 ]. However, not all fatty acids have a negative effect on insulin sensitivity [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Palmitoleic Acid in Regulating Hepatic Gluconeogenesis through SIRT3 in Obese Mice

et al. 2022

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Hepatic gluconeogenesis is a crucial process to maintain glucose level during starvation. However, unabated glucose production in diabetic patients is a major contributor to hyperglycemia. Palmitoleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n7) that is available from dietary sources. Palmitoleic acid exhibits health beneficial effects on diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation, and metabolic syndrome. However, the mechanism by which palmitoleate reduces blood glucose is still unclear. SIRT3 is a key metabolism-regulating NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. It is known that fasting elevates the expression of SIRT3 in the liver and it regulates many aspects of liver’s response to nutrient deprivation, such as fatty acid oxidation and ketone body formation. However, it is unknown whether SIRT3 also regulates gluconeogenesis. Our study revealed that palmitoleic acid reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis and the expression of SIRT3 under high-fat diet conditions. Overexpression of SIRT3 in the liver and hepatocytes enhanced gluconeogenesis. Further study revealed that SIRT3 played a role in enhancing the activities of gluconeogenic enzymes, such as PEPCK, PC, and MDH2. Therefore, our study indicated that under a high-fat diet, palmitoleic acid decreased gluconeogenesis by reducing enzymatic activities of PEPCK, PC, and MDH2 by down-regulating the expression of SIRT3.

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Role of Inflammatory Cytokines, Growth Factors and Adipokines in Adipogenesis and Insulin Resistance

Cited by 118 publications

References 103 publications

Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Circulating Cytokines in Older Persons: The Role of Gender and Body Mass Index

Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR) and Circulating Cytokines in Older Persons: The Role of Gender and Body Mass Index

Evaluation of the Correlation Between Vitamin D Level and Insulin Resistance in Children with Overweight and Obesity

The Role of Palmitoleic Acid in Regulating Hepatic Gluconeogenesis through SIRT3 in Obese Mice

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