Role of Innate Immunity against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections and Effect of Adjuvants in Promoting Specific Immune Response

Amador-Molina, Alfredo; Hernández-Valencia, José Fernando; Lamoyi, Edmundo; Contreras‐Paredes, Adriana; Lizano, Marcela

doi:10.3390/v5112624

Cited by 146 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…26 HPV infection, and in particular chronic persistent infection, involves viral modulation of the immune microenvironment within the lesion (wart). 27,28 This viral immune manipulation includes primarily a shift toward a Th2 response with an increase in cytokines such as IL-10, which is inefficient at clearing the infection. 28,29 It is logical to assume that, if acupuncture treatment can restore the balance of the Th1/Th2 response in Th2-related diseases as noted, it may be possible to do so in the case of chronic HPV infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Modulation and Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus-Related Warts with Energetics of Living Systems Acupuncture

Brustin

Toledano

Geffen

et al. 2017

Medical Acupuncture

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Background: Cutaneous warts are small skin lesions formed as a result of infection by the human papilloma virus (HPV). In the lesion, viral manipulation creates a microenvironment that favors virus survival and reproduction. Most lesions eventually regress, probably as a result of a Th1-mediated immune response. However, some warts fail to regress and become persistent. Objective: The efficacy of treatment of persistent HPV-caused warts with Energetics of Living Systems acupuncture and monitored immune system involvement was tested. Methods: Eighteen patients with persistent warts were recruited for the study; 9 received acupuncture treatment and 9 received placebo. Each patient was treated 4 times. Results: Clinical success was defined as total clearance of all lesions with no recurrence for 3 months. In the treatment group, clinical success was 36.6% versus 0% in the placebo group. In the treatment group, the level of interleukin (IL)-10 decreased. In a comparison of patients with cleared warts and overall patients with nonresponding warts, different expression levels of IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-a, IL-6, and interferon-c were found, although these differences were not always statistically significant. Trends of differences (not significant) were observed in leukocyte levels. Acupuncture eliminated persistent warts in some of the patients, along with inducing changes in immunologic parameters. Conclusions: Taking the clinical and immunologic outcomes together, clearance of persistent warts following acupuncture might be due to a shift toward a Th1 immune response, or an anti-inflammatory effect against the lesion-induced microenvironment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Modulation and Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus-Related Warts with Energetics of Living Systems Acupuncture

Brustin

Toledano

Geffen

et al. 2017

Medical Acupuncture

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“…Few studies have reported suppression of local immune response mediated by dysfunctional natural killer (NK) cells, dysfunctional Langerhans cells, and resultant T-helper cells skewing toward Th2 phenotype at the local disease site. [10][11][12] The Langerhans cells in HPV-infected lesions appeared in clumps with altered distribution and morphology 13,14 and no surface expression of maturation marker CD83. 15 It has been found that proportion of T-regulatory cell correlated with the size of the warts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Response Profiling of Patients with Anogenital Warts

Singh¹,

Thakral²,

Kar³

et al. 2017

Indian Journal of Medical Biochemistry

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The incidence of anogenital warts, commonly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV-6 and HPV-11), is increasing worldwide. These infections are frequently associated with relapse, possibly due to weak host immunity. However, the role of cell-mediated immune players in combating infection is not clearly understood till date. Here, we attempted to understand the immune profile among patients with anogenital warts. In this study, we compared the T-helper cell (Th1 and Th2) response in patients with venereal warts due to HPV-6 and HPV-11 infection relative to healthy controls (HCs) in vitro. In the in vitro model, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with HPV peptide 6 or 11, stained for T-cell surface marker and intracellular cytokines (interferon [IFN]-□ and interleukin [IL]-4), and were analyzed by flow cytometry. In the present study, significant decrease was observed in the frequency of IFN-□ T cells as compared with HCs. On the contrary, frequency of T cells expressing IL-4 was significantly increased in the patients. The observed functional skewing of HPV-specific T cells from Th1 to Th2 response in patients indicated suppressed immunity against the HPVs. Findings of our study have potential in the near future for strategizing adjunct immunomodulation approaches with the standard treatment for early remission and prevention of recurrence. How to cite this article Singh M, Thakral D, Kar HK, Rishi N, Mitra DK. Immune Response Profiling of Patients with Anogenital Warts. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(1):11-16.

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“…There is evidence that cell mediated immune responses of the host, both systemic and local, are important determinants of the course of infection (Amador-Molina et al, 2013). This immune response is mediated through the release of various cytokines, which can influence the synthesis and actions of other cytokines; the setting known as an immunoregulating cytokine network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Cervical Immunity in Women with Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Immune Responses After Abrasion

Ekalaksananan

Malat²,

Pientong³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Minor trauma to the uterine cervix is supposed to induce local immunity to prevent cervical lesions caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aimed to investigate the local cervical immunity in women with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and effects of abrasion after cryosurgery or Pap smear. One hundred women with LSIL and known results of HPV detection were recruited. HPV positive women were randomly divided according to abrasion into cryotherapy and Pap smear observation groups. Cervical tissues and cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) were collected at 6 and 12 months after allocation. The levels of cytokines at first recruitment were compared with cytokine levels at 6 months after abrasions. The mRNA of IFN-γ , TNF-α and IL-10 in cervical tissues and these cytokines secreted in CVL were determined using real time PCR and ELISA, respectively. Anti-HPV16 IgG and IgA antibodies in CVL were assessed by western blotting. At first recruitment of women with LSIL (100 cases), IL-10 mRNA and cytokine in HPV positive group (60 cases) was significantly higher than negative group (40 cases). IFN-γ and TNF-α mRNA level in both groups were comparable but their secretions in CVL were significantly increased in HPV negative group. After abrasion for 6 months in HPV-positive women, all mRNA and secreted cytokines were changed, but no significant difference was observed between cryotherapy and observation groups. When individuals were compared between first recruitment and after abrasion for 6 months, IFN-γ mRNA and anti-HPV16 L1 IgA antibodies were significantly increased in the cryotherapy group. The results suggest that modulation of local cervical immunities by abrasion might promote different effects in clearance of HPV-related cytological abnormalities.

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Role of Innate Immunity against Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections and Effect of Adjuvants in Promoting Specific Immune Response

Cited by 146 publications

References 95 publications

Immune Modulation and Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus-Related Warts with Energetics of Living Systems Acupuncture

Immune Modulation and Treatment of Human Papilloma Virus-Related Warts with Energetics of Living Systems Acupuncture

Immune Response Profiling of Patients with Anogenital Warts

Local Cervical Immunity in Women with Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions and Immune Responses After Abrasion

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