Role of Insulin Resistance as a Mediator of the Relationship between Body Weight, Waist Circumference, and Systolic Blood Pressure in a Pediatric Population

Genovesi, Simonetta; Montelisciani, Laura; Giussani, Marco; Lieti, Giulia; Patti, Ilenia; Orlando, Antonina; Antolini, Laura; Parati, Gianfranco

doi:10.3390/metabo13030327

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Therefore, it is advisable to prevent obesity and other cardiometabolic comorbidities in individuals exposed to early undernutrition. It has previously been shown that in pediatric populations investigated for cardiovascular risk (elevated BP, excess weight or altered lipid profile), the HOMA-IR index is one of the most important factors associated with WC and SBP or other cardiovascular risk factors [ 51 ], even when body weight is not high enough to affect other obesity-related risk markers [ 52 , 53 ]. Accordingly, a correlation between abdominal perimeter and HOMA-IR was found in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Low-Grade Inflammation Risk in Young Adults with a History of Extrauterine Growth Restriction

Palomino-Fernández,

Pastor-Villaescusa,

Velasco

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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Children with a history of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR), later at prepubertal age, exhibit an increased metabolic risk including risen insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. However, the progression of such metabolic changes after puberty and the lasting health implications have not yet been investigated. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether young adults with a history of EUGR faced increased vulnerability to metabolic disorders. A study was conducted comparing a group of adults with a history of EUGR with a healthy reference group. A total of 110 young adults (36 from the EUGR group and 74 from the control group) were included. Anthropometric variables, blood pressure (BP), general biochemical parameters, plasma inflammatory biomarkers, and adipokines were assessed. Compared to the reference group, the EUGR group had a shorter height and body weight with higher lean mass and waist circumference, as well as a greater percentage of individuals with high BP. In addition, EUGR patients had higher values of insulin, HOMA-IR, nerve growth factor, and leptin, and lower levels of adiponectin and resistin. The present study suggests that young adults with a history of EUGR present increased metabolic risk factors therefore, clinical follow-up should be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic and Low-Grade Inflammation Risk in Young Adults with a History of Extrauterine Growth Restriction

Palomino-Fernández,

Pastor-Villaescusa,

Velasco

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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“…Previous studies have found that high insulin levels contribute to body fat accumulation, leading to an increase in BMI [ 18 ]. However, our study found that all RMS patients had hyperinsulinemia but were not obese, and some were even underweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome: Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations in 42 Patients

Gong,

Chen,

Dong

et al. 2024

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Aims Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome (RMS) is a rare autosomal, recessive disorder characterized by severe insulin resistance due to mutations in the insulin receptor (INSR) gene. This study aims to analyze the clinical features and gene mutations in RMS, which have not been extensively studied. Methods PubMed, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang were searched for “Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome” or “Black acanthosis hirsutism insulin resistance syndrome.” Results A total of 42 cases from 33 articles were included. The body mass index ranged from 18.50 to 20.00 kg/m2 with an average of 16.00 kg/m2. There were no overweight (25.00∼29.90 kg/m2) or obese (≥30.00 kg/m2) patients. Acanthosis was present in 29 cases (29/42, 69.05%); growth retardation in 25 cases (25/42, 59.52%); dental anomalies including absence of teeth, crowding, and malocclusion in 23 cases (23/42, 54.76%); and hirsutism in 17 cases (17/42, 40.48%). The average glycosylated hemoglobin was 9.35%, and the average fasting blood-glucose was 8.44 mmol/L; the mean fasting insulin was 349.96 μIU/mL, and the average fasting C-peptide was 6.00 ng/mL. Diabetes was reported in 25 cases (25/33, 75.76%) all of which were diagnosed before 23 years old. All 42 patients had recorded gene mutations, with 22 patients (22/42, 52.38%) having ≥ 2 mutations and 20 cases (20/42, 47.62%) having only 1 mutation. No statistical differences were found in clinical features and laboratory parameters between patients with different mutations. Conclusion The study indicates that RMS should be considered in young patients with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia with low weight, acanthosis nigricans, growth retardation, dental anomalies, and hirsutism.

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Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Cardiovascular Risk Prevention in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

Genovesi,

Vania,

Caroli

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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In younger generations, excess weight has reached very alarming levels. Excess weight in adults is associated with increased mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease. However, it is not easy to distinguish to what extent these effects are the result of obesity itself or how much is due to the various cardiovascular risk factors that often accompany excess weight. Several risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, glucose intolerance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are already present in pediatric age. Therefore, early intervention with the goal of correcting and/or eliminating them is particularly important. In the child and adolescent with obesity, the first approach to achieve weight reduction and correct the risk factors associated with severe excess weight should always be non-pharmacologic and based on changing poor eating habits and unhealthy lifestyles. The purpose of this review is to give an update on non-pharmacological interventions to be implemented for cardiovascular prevention in children and adolescents with obesity, and their effectiveness. In particular, interventions targeting each individual cardiovascular risk factor will be discussed.

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Role of Insulin Resistance as a Mediator of the Relationship between Body Weight, Waist Circumference, and Systolic Blood Pressure in a Pediatric Population

Cited by 3 publications

References 47 publications

Metabolic and Low-Grade Inflammation Risk in Young Adults with a History of Extrauterine Growth Restriction

Metabolic and Low-Grade Inflammation Risk in Young Adults with a History of Extrauterine Growth Restriction

Rabson-Mendenhall Syndrome: Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Gene Mutations in 42 Patients

Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Cardiovascular Risk Prevention in Children and Adolescents with Obesity

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