Role of kidney biopsy in diagnosis of different patterns of kidney diseases: A Single-Center Experience

Abstract

Background:The diagnosis of kidney diseases still highly depends on kidney biopsies, despite advancements in non-invasive chemical and imaging diagnostics. This research aims to study the frequency of different types of kidney diseases through histopathological findings of kidney biopsies and to evaluate the outcomes of different pathological patterns. Methods:This prospective observational cohort study involved 56 patients who indicated renal biopsy from January 2022 to June 2022. Percutaneous, ultrasound-guided percutaneous core needle biopsies were performed in the prone position. Two kidney biopsy core specimens were obtained. The biopsy tissues were prepared on routine standard protocols for histopathology using light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Follow up of patients was done for 6 months regarding response to treatment and disease outcome. Results:56 patients were included, their mean age was 36.6±14.1 years. 12.5% of patients presented with sub-nephrotic proteinuria, 23% of patients presented with sub-nephrotic proteinuria with renal impairment, 23% presented with nephrotic syndrome, 30% of patients presented with nephrotic proteinuria with renal impairment. The most common pathological findings were focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (25%) followed by lupus nephritis (LN) (19.6%). The most prevalent pathological lesions in the young age group were LN and MCD while in the older age group were hypertensive nephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Conclusions:FSGS and LN were the most prevalent patterns. The most common pathological patterns at a young age were MCD followed by LN and FSGS. While the most common pattern in the older age group was DN and hypertensive nephrosclerosis. Partial and complete remission had been seen in 38.3% of all pathological lesions.