Role of LAMMER Kinase in Cell Wall Biogenesis during Vegetative Growth ofAspergillus nidulans

Abstract

Depending on the acquisition of developmental competence, the expression of genes for β-1,3-glucan synthase and chitin synthase was affected in different ways by Aspergillus nidulans LAMMER kinase. LAMMER kinase deletion, ΔlkhA, led to decrease in β-1,3-glucan, but increase in chitin content. The ΔlkhA strain was also resistant to nikkomycin Z.

Kinome Expansion in the Fusarium oxysporum Species Complex Driven by Accessory Chromosomes

“…In S. pombe , the CDC2 kinase (SPBC11B10.09) directly regulates the G 1 to S and G 2 to M transitions and DNA damage repair ( 50 , 51 ). CLK kinases are involved in various cellular functions, including regulating the cell cycle in S. pombe ( 52 ), controlling ribosome and tRNA synthesis in response to nutrient limitation and other cellular stresses in S. cerevisiae ( 53 ), and regulating cell wall biogenesis, vegetative growth, and sexual and asexual development in Aspergillus nidulans ( 54 , 55 ). Like the CLK kinases, the SRPK kinases have been implicated in the control of SR protein-mediated splicing in a TOR-dependent manner in S. cerevisiae ( 56 ).…”

The Dual-Specificity LAMMER Kinase Affects Stress-Response and Morphological Plasticity in Fungi

“…It is noteworthy that chsC and chsD play different roles in growth and development; chsC plays a role in maintaining integrity of vegetative hyphal wall and developing sexual structures such as conidiophores (Fujiwara et al, 2000), whereas chsD is required for vegetative growth and development (Specht et al, 1996). Consistent with the cell wall-related gene expression, the amount of β-1,3-glucan is decreased in the AnlkhAΔ strain, compared to its wild-type counterpart, but the amount of chitin is increased (Choi et al, 2014). In yeast, the binding of cell wall-perturbing agents to sensors on the cell surface triggers the CWI (Cell Wall Integrity) and HOG signaling pathways (García-Rodriguez et al, 2000), and therefore, synthesis of cell-wall β-1,3-glucan (Roemer et al, 1994) and chitin (Igual et al, 1996) is modulated at a transcriptional level.…”

“…The fksA is up-regulated by AnLkhA during vegetative growth before the acquisition of developmental competence. However, chsC is down-regulated, but chsD is up-regulated by AnLkhA during vegetative growth after the acquisition of developmental competence (Choi et al, 2014). It is noteworthy that chsC and chsD play different roles in growth and development; chsC plays a role in maintaining integrity of vegetative hyphal wall and developing sexual structures such as conidiophores (Fujiwara et al, 2000), whereas chsD is required for vegetative growth and development (Specht et al, 1996).…”

“…Interestingly, the expression of CHS genes for chitin synthase shows no significant changes, however, the expression of the FKS1 gene for 1,3-glucan synthase is decreased by the treatment of CFW (Lim et al, 2019). In A. nidulans , AnlkhAΔ strain shows no significant difference with regards to the sensitivity against CFW and CR (Choi et al, 2014). Antifungal drug tests, on the other hand, the AnlkhAΔ strain reveals resistance to Nikkomycin Z, a specific inhibitor of the ChsC (Park et al, 2004), but not to Terbinafine, a specific inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, and thus, defects in cell-wall biosynthesis (Choi et al, 2014).…”

“…In A. nidulans , AnlkhAΔ strain shows no significant difference with regards to the sensitivity against CFW and CR (Choi et al, 2014). Antifungal drug tests, on the other hand, the AnlkhAΔ strain reveals resistance to Nikkomycin Z, a specific inhibitor of the ChsC (Park et al, 2004), but not to Terbinafine, a specific inhibitor of ergosterol synthesis, and thus, defects in cell-wall biosynthesis (Choi et al, 2014).…”