“…[21][22][23] The oxygen vacancy formation energy, Evac, of perovskites is a multi-purpose descriptor that is extensively used for estimating the stability of compounds and their applicationspecific behaviors. 6,22,24,25 In recent studies, Evac is used as a performance descriptor for highly diverse chemical reactions including, carbon dioxide reduction 3,26,27 , hydrogen evolution 6,28,29 , nitrous oxide reduction 6,30 , volatile organic compound oxidation 3,6 , oxygen reduction 3,6,29,31,32 , and in addition to all these, for oxygen ion diffusion through materials. 24,33 The catalytic behavior and oxygen permeation performance of perovskites are influenced by the presence of oxygen atom vacancies in their structures.…”