2015
DOI: 10.1080/21646821.2015.1043222
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Role of Lead in the Central Nervous System: Effect on Electroencephlography, Evoked Potentials, Electroretinography, and Nerve Conduction

Abstract: The toxic effects of lead on the brain are well known, but its effects on EEG and evoked potentials (EPs) are not generally known in the neurodiagnostic community. Despite public health efforts, lead is still widely present at low levels in the environment. Even at low concentrations, lead is known to cause biochemical and physiological dysfunction. The present article reviews the effects of lead exposure on the central nervous system, with a special emphasis on the developing brain. Additionally, it describes… Show more

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Cited by 17 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Lezak et al, 2012). Consequently, Stewart and Schwartz (2007) advocate MRI and other imaging procedures to examine lead-related structural changes in brain areas with known functional relationships (Caffo et al, 2008;Hsieh et al, 2009;Sindhu and Sutherling, 2015;Stewart et al, 2006;Tüzün et al, 2002). Goodsir's remains allow no such insight but post mortem examinations of the permafrost-preserved bodies of the men who died at Beechey Island included X-ray imaging of the brain.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lezak et al, 2012). Consequently, Stewart and Schwartz (2007) advocate MRI and other imaging procedures to examine lead-related structural changes in brain areas with known functional relationships (Caffo et al, 2008;Hsieh et al, 2009;Sindhu and Sutherling, 2015;Stewart et al, 2006;Tüzün et al, 2002). Goodsir's remains allow no such insight but post mortem examinations of the permafrost-preserved bodies of the men who died at Beechey Island included X-ray imaging of the brain.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Additional neurons in Barrington's nucleus send inhibitory signals to the external urethral sphincter, driving its relaxation and allowing urine to flow unimpeded from the bladder into the urethra [71][72][73]. Though there is widespread evidence that environmental contaminants can disrupt connectivity, complexity, arborization, and signaling of neurons within the peripheral and central nervous system, whether environmental chemicals impact bladder ascending and descending neural pathways is rarely examined [74][75][76][77][78][79][80].…”
Section: The Bladdermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Lead has been accepted as an important toxic heavy metals resulting from mining, acid battery factories 2 , metal plating 3 , printing 4 , textile 5 , photographic materials 6 , ceramic and glass industries as well as explosive manufacturing 7 . Through the joined system of water-plant-animal-human, Pb(II) is transferred into human body and causes to various severe health problems in vital organs of humans, such as damage to kidney, liver, blood composition, central nervous system (CNS) due to binding sites on cerebellar phosphokinase C at trace amounts and also retarding the reproductive system in mental function [8][9][10] . The maximum permitted amount of lead ions by world health organization (WHO) in drinking water fixed as 10.0 µg L -1 and for the U.S. environmental protection agency (USEPA) is 15.0 µg L - 1 11 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%