Role of Lipid Profile and Its Relative Ratios (Cholesterol/HDL-C, Triglyceride/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, WBC/HDL-C, and FBG/HDL-C) on Admission Predicts In-Hospital Mortality COVID-19

Abstract

Background. Lipid profile and its related ratios such as total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), TG/HDL-C ratio, TC/HDL-C ratio, LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, white blood cell (WBC)/HDL-C ratio, and fasting blood glucose (FBG)/HDL-C ratio are valuable indicators that have been studied in various disorders to predict mortality. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of lipid profile ratios in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients. Methods. At the beginning of hospitalization, laboratory tests were taken from all patients ( n = 300 ). The ability of lipid profile ratios to determine the COVID-19 severity was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). In addition, survival probability was determined with the average of Kaplan-Meier curves, so that the end point was death. Results. In deceased patients, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C parameters were significantly lower than those of surviving patients, while WBC/HDL-C and FBG/HDL-C were significantly higher. TC ( HR = 3.178 , 95 % CI = 1.064 to 9.491, P < 0.05 ), TG ( HR = 3.276 , 95 % CI = 1.111 to 9.655, P < 0.05 ), LDL-C ( HR = 3.207 , 95 % CI = 1.104 to 9.316, P < 0.05 ), and HDL-C ( HR = 3.690 , 95 % CI = 1.290 to 10.554, P < 0.05 ), as well as TC/HDL-C ( HR = 3.860 , 95 % CI = 1.289 to 11.558, P < 0.05 ), TG/HDL-C ( HR = 3.860 , 95 % CI = 1.289 to 11.558, P < 0.05 ), LDL-C/HDL-C ( HR = 3.915 , 95 % CI = 1.305 to 11.739, P < 0.05 ), WBC/HDL-C ( HR = 3.232 , 95 % CI = 1.176 to 8.885, P < 0.05 ), and FBG/HDL-C ratios ( HR = 4.474 , 95 % CI = 1.567 to 12.777, P < 0.01 ), were detectably related to survival. The multivariate Cox regression models showed that only FBG/HDL-C ratio ( HR = 5.477 , 95 % CI = 1.488 to 20.153, P < 0.01 ) was significantly related to survival. Conclusion. The results suggested that FBG/HDL-C ratio in hospital-admitted COVID-19 patients was a reliable predictor of mortality.

COVID-19 Biomarkers Comparison: Children, Adults and Elders

“…A modified metabolic aspect has been observed in many COVID-19 patients, and this includes blood lipid levels. HDL cholesterol has been associated with poorer outcomes and more severe cases [ 21 , 50 ]. It has been suggested that it is involved in the regulation of innate immune response through interaction with ABCA1 or ABCG1, which negatively regulates T-cell activation and the expression of inflammatory mediators [ 49 ].…”

Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score as a Potential Prognostic Indicator of In-Hospital Mortality, Sepsis and Length of Stay in an Internal Medicine Department

“…A possible explanation is that hypoalbuminemia leads to oxidative stress with cellular damage and apoptosis. Together with albumin dosage, a low TC and lymphocyte count are also associated with higher mortality, reflecting a deterioration in nutritional status and a decreased immune and inflammatory status [ 26 , 27 ]. The CONUT score carried out at the moment of admission and represented a vicious cycle well; indeed, patients with multimorbidity tend to suffer malnutrition through many mechanisms, such as fluid retention, long bed stay, lack of appetite leading to inflammation, and neurohormonal activation [ 28 ].…”

Lipid metabolism indicators in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection

“…доказано, что у умерших пациентов значения ТГ, ОХ, ЛПНП и ЛПВП, а также соотношение ОХ/ЛПВП, ЛПНП/ЛПВП, ТГ/ЛПВП, лимфоциты/ЛПВП и моноциты/ЛПВП были достоверно ниже, а отношение лейкоциты/ЛПВП и гемоглобин/ЛПВП -выше, чем у выздоровевших пациентов. Доказана достоверная взаимосвязь оцениваемых параметров с неблагоприятными исходами заболевания COVID-19 [38].…”