Role of Lipids in Morphogenesis of T-Cell Microvilli

Cebecauer, Marek

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.613591

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…While we focus on sensory neurons, microvilli are present throughout the body on a wide variety of cell types, including epithelial and immune cells (Cebecauer, 2021). For each cell type, the microvilli can be adapted to the particular niche through modifications to the width and length of the actin core, and to the complement of actin‐binding proteins, membrane proteins, and surrounding extracellular matrix components.…”

Section: Selected Types Of Microvillated Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli

et al. 2022

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Sensory neurons use specialized apical processes to perceive external stimuli and monitor internal body conditions. The apical apparatus can include cilia, microvilli, or both, and is adapted for the functions of the particular cell type. Photoreceptors detect light through a large, modified cilium (outer segment), that is supported by a surrounding ring of microvilli-like calyceal processes (CPs). Although first reported 150 years ago, CPs remain poorly understood. As a basis for future study, we therefore conducted a review of existing literature about sensory cell microvilli, which can act either as the primary sensory detector or as support for a cilia-based detector. While all microvilli are finger-like cellular protrusions with an actin core, the processes vary across cell types in size, number, arrangement, dynamics, and function. We summarize the current state of knowledge about CPs and the characteristics of the microvilli found on inner ear hair cells (stereocilia) and cerebral spinal fluid-contacting neurons, with comparisons to the brush border of the intestinal and renal epithelia. The structure, stability, and dynamics of the actin core are regulated by a complement of actin-binding proteins, which includes both common components and unique features when compared across cell types. Further, microvilli are often supported by lateral links, a glycocalyx, and a defined extracellular matrix, each adapted to the function and environment of the cell. Our comparison of microvillar features will inform further research into how CPs support photoreceptor function, and also provide a general basis for investigations into the structure and functions of apical microvilli found on sensory neurons.

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Section: Selected Types Of Microvillated Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli

et al. 2022

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“…For example, scanning electron microscopy micrographs have demonstrated that finger-like membrane protrusions reminiscent of microvilli dominate the surface of lymphocytes 36 – 38 . T-cell microvilli are dynamic structures ~100 nm in diameter and 0.5–5 µm long 39 , 40 . Although less well understood on immune cells, tips of microvilli can potentially accumulate membrane receptors in domains with a diameter ~100 nm, analogous to signaling receptors and channels on epithelial and sensory cells 41 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approach to map nanotopography of cell surface receptors

et al. 2022

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Cells communicate with their environment via surface receptors, but nanoscopic receptor organization with respect to complex cell surface morphology remains unclear. This is mainly due to a lack of accessible, robust and high-resolution methods. Here, we present an approach for mapping the topography of receptors at the cell surface with nanometer precision. The method involves coating glass coverslips with glycine, which preserves the fine membrane morphology while allowing immobilized cells to be positioned close to the optical surface. We developed an advanced and simplified algorithm for the analysis of single-molecule localization data acquired in a biplane detection scheme. These advancements enable direct and quantitative mapping of protein distribution on ruffled plasma membranes with near isotropic 3D nanometer resolution. As demonstrated successfully for CD4 and CD45 receptors, the described workflow is a straightforward quantitative technique to study molecules and their interactions at the complex surface nanomorphology of differentiated metazoan cells.

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“…It is reported that microvilli, finger‐like membrane protrusions on cells, play a role in the organization of signalling proteins and are important for T‐cell recognition and activation [36–38]. We found that the microvilli and lamellipodia on the surface of lymphocytes became more obvious after CIK culture (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Changes in the TCR repertoire of T‐cell subsets during culture of cytokine‐induced killer cells

et al. 2022

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Cytokine‐induced killer (CIK) cells are a group of highly heterogeneous T cells expressing diverse T‐cell antigen receptors (TCRs), but possessing wide major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐unrestricted antitumour activity, which have been used in the treatment of many tumours. However, the clonal diversity of different T‐cell subsets and whether there is a certain clonal preference during CIK culture remains to be clarified. We found that the proportion of oligoclones seen in some subfamilies of freshly isolated T cells decreased in varying degrees after culturing. This indicates that the diversity of T‐cell clones had been restored to a certain extent. The diversity differed among different T‐cell subsets, as some TCR subfamily oligoclones mainly appeared in CD3+CD56+ cells, which also indicates the heterogeneity of the CIK cell composition.

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Role of Lipids in Morphogenesis of T-Cell Microvilli

Cited by 13 publications

References 79 publications

The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli

The morphological and functional diversity of apical microvilli

Approach to map nanotopography of cell surface receptors

Changes in the TCR repertoire of T‐cell subsets during culture of cytokine‐induced killer cells

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