Role of local renin-angiotensin system in warm ischemia and reperfusion injury of the liver

Past and future approaches to ischemia-reperfusion lesion associated with liver transplantation

“…Recent research has suggested an important role for the reninangiotensin system (RAS), known for its regulation of blood pressure and fluid homeostasis, in both I/R injury and liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (Takada et al, 2001;Ramalho et al, 2002;Guo et al, 2004). Furthermore, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (captopril and enalapril) and angiotensin II (Ang-II) type 1 receptor blockers (losartan and candesartan) were able to downregulate cellular adhesion molecules (e.g., ICAM-1), inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines [(e.g., TNFα, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1)] and reduce I/R injury (Anthuber et al, 1997;Araya et al, 2002;Guo et al, 2004).…”

High expression of angiotensin‐converting enzyme and angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 in preservation injury after liver transplantation in rats

“…This showed that ACE played an important role in PI of liver transplantation, but the mechanism hasn't be revealed. Some previous researches have founded that ACE is closely related to anoxaemia, inflammation and fibrosis of local tissue 6,8 . We presumed ACE may be related to ischemia and inflammation in PI of transplanted liver.…”

“…G. Takada et al. 6 found the expression of renin increased by 5–fold after reperfusion following a warm ischemia in a rat I/R model by clamping the portal vein. we presumed that in the initial stage of liver transplantation rennin would increase markedly, that elevate the product of Ang I, which contribute to the increase of ACE expression, and then ACE would elevate the level of Ang II, that result in the decrease of blood supply in transplanted liver and aggravate the tissue hypoxia, combining with the promoting inflammatory effect of Ang II, finally, leading to a serious PI.…”

“…[1][2][3][4] Now, Local RAS is considered to play an important role in regulating pathophysiology of I/R injury in the liver. Some studies [5][6][7] have demonstrated that RAS components such as angiotensinogen, rennin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are all closely related to I/R injury of the liver. Anthuber M et al 5 have confirmed that ACE inhibitor was effective in the reduction I/R damage after experimental liver transplantation.…”

“…Some previous researches have founded that ACE is closely related to anoxaemia, inflammation and fibrosis of local tissue. 6,8 We presumed ACE may be related to ischemia and inflammation in PI of transplanted liver. ACE 2, a newly discovered homolog of ACE, [9][10][11] mainly degrades Ang II to Ang 1-7.…”