Role of long purine stretches in controlling the expression of genes associated with neurological disorders

Singh, Himanshu Narayan; Rajeswari, Moganty R.

doi:10.1016/j.gene.2015.07.007

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The strongest progression marker in Table 1 was the decreased expression of the Klk6 gene, which contains a purine repeat similar to the Friedreich ataxia gene and shows dysregulated expression during the neurodegenerative process of Alzheimer’s disease [190]. Similarly, the dysregulation of Ina expression and of Il33 in Table 1 for the CAG100-KIN were similarly reported for ALS [70, 106].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Canet-Pons

Sen

Arsovic

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Large polyglutamine expansions in Ataxin-2 (ATXN2) cause multi-system nervous atrophy in Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2 (SCA2). Intermediate size expansions carry a risk for selective motor neuron degeneration, known as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Conversely, the depletion of ATXN2 prevents disease progression in ALS. Although ATXN2 interacts directly with RNA, and in ALS pathogenesis there is a crucial role of RNA toxicity, the affected functional pathways remain ill defined. Here, we examined an authentic SCA2 mouse model with Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn for a first definition of molecular mechanisms in spinal cord pathology.Neurophysiology of lower limbs detected sensory neuropathy rather than motor denervation. Triple immunofluorescence demonstrated cytosolic ATXN2 aggregates sequestrating TDP43 and TIA1 from the nucleus. In immunoblots, this was accompanied by elevated CASP3, RIPK1 and PQBP1 abundance. RT-qPCR showed increase of Grn, Tlr7 and Rnaset2 mRNA versus Eif5a2, Dcp2, Uhmk1 and Kif5a decrease. These SCA2 findings overlap well with known ALS features. Similar to other ataxias and dystonias, decreased mRNA levels for Unc80, Tacr1, Gnal, Ano3, Kcna2, Elovl5 and Cdr1 contrasted with Gpnmb increase. Preterminal stage tissue showed strongly activated microglia containing ATXN2 aggregates, with parallel astrogliosis. Global transcriptome profiles from stages of incipient motor deficit versus preterminal age identified molecules with progressive downregulation, where a cluster of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes including Dhcr24, Msmo1, Idi1and Hmgcs1 was prominent. Gas chromatography demonstrated a massive loss of crucial cholesterol precursor metabolites. Overall, the ATXN2 protein aggregation process affects diverse subcellular compartments, in particular stress granules, endoplasmic reticulum and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. These findings identify new targets and potential biomarkers for neuroprotective therapies. Introduction:Within the dynamic research field into neurodegenerative disorders, the rare monogenic variant SCA2 (Spinocerebellar Ataxia type 2) gained much attention over the past decade, since its pathogenesis is intertwined with the motor neuron diseases ALS/FTLD (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis / Fronto-Temporal Lobar Dementia) and with extrapyramidal syndromes such as Parkinson/PSP (Progressive Supranuclear Palsy). Particularly in the past year, it received massive interest since antisense-oligonucleotides were shown to effectively prevent the disease in mouse models, with clinical trials now being imminent. Still, there is an urgent unmet need to define the molecular events of pathogenesis and to identify biomarkers of progression in SCA2 patients, which reflect therapeutic benefits much more rapidly than clinical rating scales, brain imaging volumetry or neurophysiology measures.SCA2 was first described as separate entity in Indian patients, based on the characteristic early slowing of eye saccadic movements [222]. A molecularly homogeneous founder population of ~1,000 patients in...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Canet-Pons

Sen

Arsovic

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Since then, FGF14 has been indicated by several linkage and genome wide association studies (GWAS) to be a putative risk factor for other neuropsychiatric diseases including depression, addiction and schizophrenia, as well as neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s Disease (Detera-Wadleigh et al, 1999; Park et al, 2004; Mulle et al, 2005; Need et al, 2009; Johnson et al, 2011; Verbeek et al, 2012; Singh and Rajeswari, 2015; Yang et al, 2015). These recent associations clearly indicate that the role of this gene in the CNS is yet to be fully understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intracellular Fibroblast Growth Factor 14: Emerging Risk Factor for Brain Disorders

Wadsworth

Laezza

2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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The finely tuned regulation of neuronal firing relies on the integrity of ion channel macromolecular complexes. Minimal disturbances of these tightly regulated networks can lead to persistent maladaptive plasticity of brain circuitry. The intracellular fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14) belongs to the nexus of proteins interacting with voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channels at the axonal initial segment. Through isoform-specific interactions with the intracellular C-terminal tail of neuronal Nav channels (Nav1.1, Nav1.2, Nav1.6), FGF14 controls channel gating, axonal targeting and phosphorylation in neurons effecting excitability. FGF14 has been also involved in synaptic transmission, plasticity and neurogenesis in the cortico-mesolimbic circuit with cognitive and affective behavioral outcomes. In translational studies, interest in FGF14 continues to rise with a growing list of associative links to diseases of the cognitive and affective domains such as neurodegeneration, depression, anxiety, addictive behaviors and recently schizophrenia, suggesting its role as a converging node in the etiology of complex brain disorders. Yet, a full understanding of FGF14 function in neurons is far from being complete and likely to involve other functions unrelated to the direct regulation of Nav channels. The goal of this Mini Review article is to provide a summary of studies on the emerging role of FGF14 in complex brain disorders.

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“…DNA triplet repeats can adopt several unusual DNA structures, including hairpins, triplexes, or quadruplexes [45]. Moreover, purine repeats capable of forming stable DNA triplex structures are associated with neurological disorders [46]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognition of Local DNA Structures by p53 Protein

Brázda

Coufal

2017

IJMS

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p53 plays critical roles in regulating cell cycle, apoptosis, senescence and metabolism and is commonly mutated in human cancer. These roles are achieved by interaction with other proteins, but particularly by interaction with DNA. As a transcription factor, p53 is well known to bind consensus target sequences in linear B-DNA. Recent findings indicate that p53 binds with higher affinity to target sequences that form cruciform DNA structure. Moreover, p53 binds very tightly to non-B DNA structures and local DNA structures are increasingly recognized to influence the activity of wild-type and mutant p53. Apart from cruciform structures, p53 binds to quadruplex DNA, triplex DNA, DNA loops, bulged DNA and hemicatenane DNA. In this review, we describe local DNA structures and summarize information about interactions of p53 with these structural DNA motifs. These recent data provide important insights into the complexity of the p53 pathway and the functional consequences of wild-type and mutant p53 activation in normal and tumor cells.

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Role of long purine stretches in controlling the expression of genes associated with neurological disorders

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Atxn2-CAG100-KnockIn mouse spinal cord shows progressive TDP43 pathology associated with cholesterol biosynthesis suppression

Intracellular Fibroblast Growth Factor 14: Emerging Risk Factor for Brain Disorders

Recognition of Local DNA Structures by p53 Protein

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