Role of macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis

Kzhyshkowska, Julia; Neyen, Claudine; Gordon, Siamon

doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2012.02.015

Cited by 222 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…[ 27,28 ] Factors that induce M1 or very strong M2 have essential impact on the development of chronic infl ammation and fi brosis. [ 29,30 ] Given the important role of arginine in macrophage metabolism, we hypothesized that the presence of polyarginine can also be used to communicate with the host immune system and to have an antiinfl ammatory effect. Hyaluronic acid, a highly hydrated natural polysaccharide with excellent lubricity and biocompatibility, has been shown to be inhibitory to bacterial growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Multifunctionality in Nature: A Bioactive Agent Release System with Self‐Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Properties

Özçelik

Vrana

Gudima

et al. 2015

Adv Healthcare Materials

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Major problems with biomedical devices in particular implants located in nonsterile environments concern: (i) excessive immune response to the implant, (ii) development of bacterial biofi lms, and (iii) yeast and fungi infections. An original multifunctional coating that addresses all these issues concomitantly is developed. A new exponentially growing polyelectrolyte multilayer fi lm based on polyarginine (PAR) and hyaluronic acid (HA) is designed. The fi lms have a strong inhibitory effect on the production of infl ammatory cytokines released by human primary macrophage subpopulations. This could reduce potential chronic infl ammatory reaction following implantation. Next, it is shown that PAR, due to its positive charges, has an antimicrobial activity in fi lm format against Staphylococcus aureus for 24 h. In order to have a long-term antimicrobial activity, a precursor nanoscale silver coating is deposited on the surface before adding the PAR/HA fi lms. Moreover, the PAR/HA fi lms can be easily further functionalized by embedding antimicrobial peptides, like catestatin (CAT), a natural host defense peptide. This PAR/HA+CAT fi lm proves to be effective as an antimicrobial coating against yeast and fungi and its cytocompatibility is also assessed. Finally, this all-in-one system constitutes an original strategy to limit infl ammation and prevents bacteria, yeast, and fungi infections.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Multifunctionality in Nature: A Bioactive Agent Release System with Self‐Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Properties

Özçelik

Vrana

Gudima

et al. 2015

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…In vitro studies that have incubated macrophage-derived foam cells with IFN-γ have shown a reduction in cholesterol efflux via increasing the expression of ACAT1 and attenuating the expression of ABCA1, resulting in increased accumulation of intracellular cholesteryl esters which promote the formation of foam cells [30] . Furthermore, the expression of several key SRs in foam cell development, including SR-A and SR that binds phosphatidylserine and oxidized lipids (SR-SPOX; also known as CXCL16), have been shown to be increased in human THP-1 and primary macrophages stimulated with IFN-γ, resulting in an increased uptake of OxLDL [31][32][33] . Therefore IFN-γ is capable of altering cholesterol homeostasis towards lower cholesterol efflux and higher retention of OxLDL in macrophages and contributes to foam cell formation.…”

Section: Foam Cell Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferon-γ: Promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis

Moss

Ramji

2015

WJGEM

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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the vasculature and is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is currently the world's leading cause of death and the numbers are predicted to rise further because of a global increase in risk factors such as diabetes and obesity. Current therapies such as statins have had a major impact in reducing mortality from CVD. However, there is a marked residual CVD risk in patients on statin therapy. It is therefore important to understand the molecular basis of this disease in detail and to develop alternative novel therapeutics. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is often regarded as a master regulator of atherosclerosis development. IFN-γ is able to influence several key steps during atherosclerosis development, including pro-inflammatory gene expression, the recruitment of monocytes from the blood to the activated arterial endothelium and plaque stability. This central role of IFN-γ makes it a promising therapeutic target. The purpose of this editorial is to describe the key role IFN-γ plays during atherosclerosis development, as well as discuss potential strategies to target it therapeutically.

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“…Consequently, it is considered that oxidised phospholipids are non-canonical ligands for TLRs [24,29,37]. However, when CD36 recognises ox-LDL in association with TLRs, it activates NF-kB and induces the release of IL-1β [4,38]. Yet, such cooperation could be the result of the interaction of TLRs with other epitopes present on retained LDL that are not derived from phospholipid oxidation (discussed later).…”

Section: Proatherogenic Signals Mediated By Pufa Peroxidation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression of these receptors is not subject to negative regulation by high levels of intracellular cholesterol, and their uncontrolled uptake leads to the formation of lipid-loaded cells (foam cells), which are considered the promoters of inflammation at the different stages of the disease [3]. The process by which ox-LDL uptake leads to the formation of foam cells is well documented [4,5], but the way in which these cells polarise their functions to initiate and coordinate inflammation in the arterial wall is less well understood [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are oxidised low-density lipoproteins the true inducers of inflammation in atherosclerosis?

Montero-Vega¹

2014

Inflammasome

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Low-density lipoproteins become oxidised (ox-LDL) when retained in the arterial intima and are considered to be the inducers of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Peroxidation of phospholipids generates a variety of oxidised molecules in LDL and leads to the formation of oxidised lipid-protein adducts. These oxidative modifications are the target of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and constitute immunogenic neoepitopes, termed oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs). OSEs are thought to be a class of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that mediate pro-inflammatory signals in atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, identical OSEs are generated on apoptotic cells that are identified by innate immunity through the same receptors to promote housekeeping tasks and immunosuppression. The present study provides an alternative point of view and proposes that OSEs are ‘waste-associated molecular patterns’ (WAMPs) recognised by innate immunity as a signal for the presence of oxidised waste that must be cleared without triggering inflammation. The hypothesis presented here states that ox-LDL are not inflammatory per se but instead polarise macrophages for housekeeping functions; however, other immune alerts, which are generated under the influence of risk factors, cooperate with them in switching macrophage polarisation towards dangerous phenotypes that complicate atheromas with different tendencies. This hypothesis of ‘immune cooperation’ explains why atheromas grow silently for decades and reveals atherosclerosis to be a dynamic disease that begins with the retention and oxidation of LDL in the arterial intima and ends with the formation of a thrombus, but in which the underlying immune process changes over time and differs between patients.

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Role of macrophage scavenger receptors in atherosclerosis

Cited by 222 publications

References 102 publications

Harnessing the Multifunctionality in Nature: A Bioactive Agent Release System with Self‐Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Properties

Harnessing the Multifunctionality in Nature: A Bioactive Agent Release System with Self‐Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Properties

Interferon-γ: Promising therapeutic target in atherosclerosis

Are oxidised low-density lipoproteins the true inducers of inflammation in atherosclerosis?

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